3 Therapy and Treatment
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Questions and Answers

What is the term for recovery without formal treatment?

  • Spontaneous recovery
  • Self-healing
  • Spontaneous remission (correct)
  • Natural healing

    • What is the purpose of meta-analysis in psychotherapy research?

  • To identify the most effective therapist
  • To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of therapy
  • To statistically combine data from multiple studies (correct)
  • To compare the effectiveness of different therapies

    • What is a common element shared by most psychotherapies?

  • Confrontation of negative emotions
  • Use of medication
  • Development of a negative relationship with the therapist
  • Development of a positive relationship with the therapist (correct)

    • What is the name of the procedure that involves administering an electric current to the brain to treat severe depression?

    <p>Electroconvulsive therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the goal of community psychology?

    <p>To prevent or minimize the incidence of psychological disorders</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an important factor to consider when choosing a therapist?

    <p>Feeling comfortable with the therapist</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the goal of person-centered therapy?

    <p>To reach one's potential for self-actualization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of cognitive-behavioral approach?

    <p>Changing the way people think</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main goal of systematic desensitization?

    <p>To extinguish the response of anxiety</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of interpersonal therapy?

    <p>Helping patients to control their moods and emotions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of behavioral approach?

    <p>To eliminate anxiety disorders</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary benefit of cognitive approach?

    <p>Deals with a broad range of disorders</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of flooding treatments?

    <p>To suddenly confront a person with a stimulus that they fear</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of self-help therapy?

    <p>To help people with similar problems discuss their shared feelings and experiences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary benefit of humanistic therapy?

    <p>The idea that psychological disorders result from restricted growth potential is compelling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of contingency contracting?

    <p>To draw an agreement stating the behavioral goals the client hopes to achieve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of psychoanalytic therapy?

    <p>To release hidden unconscious thoughts and feelings in order to reduce their power in controlling behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process of pushing threatening and unpleasant thoughts and impulses back into the unconscious?

    <p>Repression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the inability or unwillingness to reveal particular memories, thoughts, or motivations?

    <p>Resistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the transfer of feelings to a psychoanalyst that had been originally directed to a patient’s parents or other authority figures?

    <p>Transference</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the surface description of a dream?

    <p>Manifest content</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of behavioral approach therapy?

    <p>To change people's behavior to allow them to function more effectively</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following therapies is based on the assumption that both abnormal and normal behavior are learned?

    <p>Behavioral approach</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary objective of free association in psychoanalytic therapy?

    <p>To release hidden unconscious thoughts and feelings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary criticism of psychoanalytic therapy?

    <p>It is too expensive and time-consuming</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between classical conditioning treatment and psychoanalytic therapy?

    <p>The use of reinforcement and extinction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of contemporary psychoanalysis?

    <p>To focus on current relationships and specific complaints</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for resistance in psychoanalytic therapy?

    <p>The client may be unwilling to reveal certain memories or thoughts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between psychotherapy and biomedical therapies?

    <p>Psychotherapy focuses on the mind, while biomedical therapies focus on the brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary criticism of biomedical therapies?

    <p>They only provide relief of symptoms, not solving the underlying problems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of deinstitutionalization?

    <p>To transfer patients from institutions to the community</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary benefit of feeling comfortable with your therapist?

    <p>It increases the effectiveness of therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)?

    <p>TMS is less invasive than ECT</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary benefit of psychotherapy?

    <p>It is effective for most people, but not for everyone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which therapy approach focuses on the way people think and aims to change their behavior by challenging their dysfunctional beliefs?

    <p>Cognitive Approach</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of systematic desensitization?

    <p>To extinguish the response of anxiety</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of therapy is highly structured and focuses on concrete problems?

    <p>Cognitive Approach</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for expressing acceptance and understanding, regardless of the feelings and attitudes the client expresses?

    <p>Unconditional positive regard</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of therapy involves people meeting in a group with a therapist to discuss problems?

    <p>Group Therapies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary benefit of token system?

    <p>Rewards a person for desired behavior with a token</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which therapy focuses on the context of current social relationships and helps patients to control their moods and emotions?

    <p>Interpersonal Therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of rational-emotive behavior therapy?

    <p>To restructure a person’s belief system into a more realistic, rational, and logical set of views</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which therapy approach emphasizes people’s control over their behavior and encourages them to take responsibility for solving their own problems?

    <p>Humanistic Therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of Beck’s Cognitive behavior therapy?

    <p>To change people’s illogical thoughts about themselves and the world</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main goal of psychotherapy?

    <p>To help a person overcome psychological difficulties and disorders</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of the Behavioral Approach?

    <p>It makes use of the basic processes of learning, such as reinforcement and extinction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the underlying meaning of a dream?

    <p>Latent content</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary emphasis of contemporary psychoanalysis?

    <p>Current relationships and specific complaints</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the inability or unwillingness to reveal particular memories, thoughts, or motivations?

    <p>Resistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of community psychology?

    <p>To prevent or minimize the incidence of psychological disorders</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)?

    <p>TMS is a non-invasive procedure, while ECT is an invasive procedure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary criticism of biomedical therapies?

    <p>They only provide relief of symptoms, not solving the underlying problems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary factor to consider when choosing a therapist?

    <p>Their credentials and training</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of psychosurgery?

    <p>To reduce symptoms of mental disorders</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of behavioral approach therapy?

    <p>To extinguish the response of anxiety</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of cognitive-behavioral approach?

    <p>Changing people's illogical thoughts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of humanistic therapy?

    <p>To help people reach self-actualization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of interpersonal therapy?

    <p>Controlling moods and emotions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary benefit of group therapies?

    <p>It is an economical means of therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Psychotherapy

    • Psychotherapy is a treatment that uses psychological techniques to help individuals overcome psychological difficulties, disorders, and problems in living, or to bring about personal growth.
    • There are two main types of psychotherapy: psychotherapy and biomedical therapy, which relies on drugs and other medical procedures to improve psychological functioning.

    Psychoanalytic Approach

    • The psychoanalytic approach seeks to bring unresolved past conflicts and unacceptable impulses from the unconscious into the conscious.
    • Based on Freud's psychoanalytic approach to personality, it suggests that people use defense mechanisms such as repression, which pushes threatening and unpleasant thoughts and impulses back into the unconscious.
    • The goal is to release hidden unconscious thoughts and feelings to reduce their power in controlling behavior.
    • Techniques used include free association, dream interpretation, and analysis of resistance and transference.
    • Resistance is the inability or unwillingness to reveal particular memories, thoughts, or motivations, and transference is the transfer of feelings to the psychoanalyst.

    Psychoanalytic Approach Criticisms

    • Criticisms include the treatment being time-consuming and expensive, with less articulate patients not doing as well as more articulate ones.
    • Difficulty in determining the effectiveness of the therapy, bias, and subjective interpretation are also criticisms.

    Behavioral Approach

    • The behavioral approach uses the basic processes of learning, such as reinforcement and extinction, to reduce or eliminate maladaptive behavior.
    • The goal is to change people's behavior to allow them to function more effectively.
    • Techniques used include classical conditioning, aversive conditioning, systematic desensitization, flooding, and token economy.

    Behavioral Approach Criticisms

    • Criticisms include the lack of insight into thoughts and expectations due to the focus on changing external behavior.

    Cognitive Approach

    • The cognitive approach teaches people to think in more adaptive ways by changing their dysfunctional cognitions about the world and themselves.
    • Techniques used include rational-emotive behavior therapy, Beck's cognitive behavior therapy, and cognitive appraisal.
    • The goal is to change people's thoughts and behaviors.

    Cognitive Approach Criticisms

    • Criticisms include the potential lack of effectiveness in changing one's assumptions to make them more reasonable and logical.

    Humanistic Therapy

    • Humanistic therapy focuses on the idea that people have control of their behavior, can make choices about their lives, and are responsible for solving their own problems.
    • Techniques used include person-centered therapy, unconditional positive regard, and understanding client's emotional experiences.
    • The goal is to help people reach their potential for self-actualization.

    Humanistic Therapy Criticisms

    • Criticisms include the lack of specificity in the treatment, being the least scientifically and theoretically developed, and only working for highly verbal clients.

    Interpersonal Therapy (IPT)

    • IPT is a short-term therapy that focuses on the context of current social relationships.
    • It helps patients control their moods and emotions, and focuses on interpersonal issues such as conflicts with others, social skills, role transitions, or grief.
    • The treatment lasts for 12-16 weeks and is especially effective in dealing with depression, anxiety, addictions, and eating disorders.

    Group Therapies

    • Group therapies involve people meeting in a group with a therapist to discuss problems, centering on a common difficulty.
    • Examples include family therapy, which focuses on the family and its dynamics, and self-help therapy, which does not involve a professional therapist.

    Evaluating Psychotherapy

    • Hans Eysenck published a study challenging the effectiveness of therapy, citing spontaneous remission as a possible explanation.
    • Meta-analysis showed that data from a large number of studies yielded similar general conclusions.
    • Effectiveness of psychotherapy depends on the specific type of treatment, and most therapies share basic elements such as developing a positive relationship, explaining symptoms, and confronting negative emotions.

    Biomedical Therapies

    • Biomedical therapies include drug therapy, electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), and psychosurgery.
    • These therapies work by altering the operation of neurotransmitters and neurons in the brain.
    • Critics argue that these therapies merely provide relief of symptoms and do not solve the underlying problems.

    Community Psychology

    • Community psychology focuses on prevention, aiming to prevent or minimize the incidence of psychological disorders.
    • Deinstitutionalization, or the transfer of former mental patients out of institutions and into the community, is an important aspect of community psychology.

    Choosing the Right Therapist

    • It is essential to feel comfortable with the therapist, who should have appropriate training and credentials.
    • Progress should be made after therapy has begun, despite occasional setbacks.### Psychotherapy
    • Definition: Treatment in which a trained professional, called a therapist, uses psychological techniques to help a person overcome psychological difficulties and disorders, resolve problems in living, or bring about personal growth.
    • Types of psychotherapy:
      • Biomedical therapy: Relies on drugs and other medical procedures to improve psychological functioning.

    Psychoanalytic Approach

    • Seeks to bring unresolved past conflicts and unacceptable impulses from the unconscious into the conscious.
    • Based on Freud's psychoanalytic approach to personality.
    • Suggests that people use defense mechanisms, such as repression, which pushes threatening and unpleasant thoughts and impulses back into the unconscious.
    • Goal: Release hidden unconscious thoughts and feelings to reduce their power in controlling behavior.
    • Techniques:
      • Free association: Saying whatever comes to mind regardless of apparent irrelevance or senselessness.
      • Dream interpretation: Manifest content (surface description) and latent content (underlying meaning).
    • Criticisms:
      • Time-consuming and expensive.
      • Less articulate patients may not do as well as more articulate ones.
      • Difficulty in determining effectiveness of the therapy.
      • Bias and subjective interpretation.

    Behavioral Approach

    • Approaches that make use of the basic processes of learning, such as reinforcement and extinction, to reduce or eliminate maladaptive behavior.
    • Based on the fundamental assumption that both abnormal behavior and normal behavior are learned.
    • Goal: Change people's behavior to allow them to function more effectively.
    • Techniques:
      • Classical conditioning treatment:
        • Aversive conditioning: Reduces the frequency of undesired behavior by pairing with an aversive stimulus.
        • Systematic desensitization: Exposure to an anxiety-producing stimulus is paired with deep relaxation to extinguish the response of anxiety.
      • Token system: Rewards a person for desired behavior with a token.
      • Contingency contracting: Agreement is drawn stating the behavioral goals the client hopes to achieve.
      • Observational learning: Behavior of other people is modeled to systematically teach people new skills.
    • Criticisms:
      • Insight into thoughts and expectations cannot be gained due to the changing external behavior.

    Cognitive Approach

    • Cognitive treatment approaches: Teach people to think in more adaptive ways by changing their dysfunctional cognitions about the world and themselves.
    • Also known as cognitive-behavioral approach because methods of learning are often used.
    • Goal: Change the way people think as well as their behavior.
    • Techniques:
      • Rational-emotive behavior therapy: Attempts to restructure a person's belief system into a more realistic, rational, and logical set of views by challenging dysfunctional beliefs.
      • Beck's Cognitive behavior therapy: Aims to change people's illogical thoughts about themselves and the world.
    • Criticisms:
      • Changing one's assumptions to make them more reasonable and logical may not always be helpful.

    Humanistic Therapy

    • Therapy in which the underlying rationale is that people have control of their behavior, can make choices about their lives, and are essentially responsible for solving their own problems.
    • Goal: Reach one's potential for self-actualization.
    • Techniques:
      • Person-centered therapy: Goal is to reach one's potential for self-actualization.
      • Unconditional positive regard: Expressing acceptance and understanding, regardless of the feelings and attitudes the client expresses.
    • Criticisms:
      • Treatments lack specificity.
      • Least scientifically and theoretically developed.
      • Works only for highly verbal clients who profit most from psychoanalytic treatment.

    Interpersonal Therapy (IPT)

    • Short-term therapy that focuses on the context of current social relationships.
    • Helps patients to control their moods and emotions.
    • Focuses on interpersonal issues such as conflicts with others, social skills issues, role transitions, or grief.
    • Lasts only for 12-16 weeks.
    • Especially effective in dealing with depression, anxiety, addictions, and eating disorders.

    Group Therapies

    • Therapy in which people meet in a group with a therapist to discuss problems.
    • Centers on a common difficulty.
    • Example: Alcoholism.
    • Economical means of therapy compared to individual therapy.
    • Criticism: Shy and withdrawn individuals may not receive required attention.
    • Types of group therapies:
      • Family therapy: Focuses on the family and its dynamics.
      • Self-help therapy: Does not involve a professional therapist. People with similar problems get together to discuss their shared feelings and experiences.

    Evaluating Psychotherapy

    • Hans Eysenck published a study challenging the effectiveness of therapy.
    • Spontaneous remission: Recovery without formal treatment.
    • Meta-analysis: Data from a large number of studies when statistically combined, yielded similar general conclusions.
    • Effectiveness of psychotherapy:
      • For most people, it is effective.
      • No single form of therapy works best for every problem.
      • Psychotherapy does not work for everyone.
      • Specific types of treatment are better for specific types of problems.
      • Most therapies share several basic similar elements.

    Biomedical Therapies

    • Treatment of psychological disorders through the use of drugs.
    • Works by altering the operation of neurotransmitters and neurons in the brain.
    • Types of biomedical therapies:
      • Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT): Procedure used in the treatment of severe depression.
      • Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS): Alternative to ECT.
      • Psychosurgery: Brain surgery once used to reduce the symptoms of mental disorder, but rarely used today.
      • Gene therapy: Specific genes may be introduced to particular areas of the brain.

    Community Psychology

    • Focus on prevention: Prevent or minimize the incidence of psychological disorders.
    • Deinstitutionalization: Transfer of former mental patients out of institutions and into the community.

    Choosing the Right Therapist

    • You should feel comfortable with your therapist.
    • Therapists should have appropriate training and credentials.
    • You should feel that you are making progress after therapy has begun, despite occasional setbacks.

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    General Psychology Therapy - Psychotherapy PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge of psychotherapy, biomedical therapy, and psychoanalytic approach in psychology. Learn about the different techniques used to help individuals overcome psychological difficulties and disorders.

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