Podcast
Questions and Answers
Harsh punishments such as spanking have become less supported by psychologists for which one of the following reasons?
Harsh punishments such as spanking have become less supported by psychologists for which one of the following reasons?
- Harsh punishments do not teach the correct behavior, but do clearly indicate which behaviors are not acceptable.
- Punishment provides an aggressive example for children who may think violence solves problems. (correct)
- Children who have been dealt harsh punishments often resolve not to harshly punish their own children, and this is taken as a sign of ineffectiveness.
- Harsh punishments often only teach the child to avoid getting caught misbehaving.
What have studies of African grey parrots suggested?
What have studies of African grey parrots suggested?
- Parrots cannot acquire language.
- Parrots use language in a social context. (correct)
- Parrots' 'language' is only an imitation of sound and has no inherent meaning.
- Parrots are color-blind.
PET scans of the frontal lobe provide biological evidence to support which of the following?
PET scans of the frontal lobe provide biological evidence to support which of the following?
- Tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon
- Levels-of-processing model (correct)
- Working memory model
- Cue-dependent forgetting
Kim's mother, Vicky, believes that men with long hair are likely to be fearful of romantic commitment. Which of the following heuristics most likely influenced Vicky's judgment?
Kim's mother, Vicky, believes that men with long hair are likely to be fearful of romantic commitment. Which of the following heuristics most likely influenced Vicky's judgment?
Kristen and Kyle think that their son likely has chicken pox when a rash appears. Which of the following types of reasoning did they most likely use?
Kristen and Kyle think that their son likely has chicken pox when a rash appears. Which of the following types of reasoning did they most likely use?
Keegan chooses systematic desensitization for treating phobias. This technique uses which classical conditioning concept?
Keegan chooses systematic desensitization for treating phobias. This technique uses which classical conditioning concept?
How did Wolfgang Köhler's work with chimpanzees call the law of effect into question?
How did Wolfgang Köhler's work with chimpanzees call the law of effect into question?
If you were tasked to develop a reliable intelligence test, you should verify that:
If you were tasked to develop a reliable intelligence test, you should verify that:
Which aspect of the memory process is impeded under motivated forgetting?
Which aspect of the memory process is impeded under motivated forgetting?
Which of the following will likely cause more blood to flow through the right portion of the hippocampus?
Which of the following will likely cause more blood to flow through the right portion of the hippocampus?
What is the key to accessing information through explicit memory?
What is the key to accessing information through explicit memory?
Which of the following serves as an access bridge between long-term memory and working memory?
Which of the following serves as an access bridge between long-term memory and working memory?
Which step in Bandura's modeling relies on the observer having memories of what they have seen?
Which step in Bandura's modeling relies on the observer having memories of what they have seen?
When we use the ease with which we can recall instances of an event to help us estimate the frequency of the event, we are using:
When we use the ease with which we can recall instances of an event to help us estimate the frequency of the event, we are using:
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Study Notes
Punishments and Child Behavior
- Harsh punishments, like spanking, have diminished support due to their ineffectiveness in promoting appropriate behavior.
- They often model aggression, leading children to view violence as a solution to problems.
Language and Parrots
- Research on African grey parrots indicates they use language within a social context, showing communicative abilities beyond mere imitation.
Brain Imaging and Memory Models
- PET scans of the frontal lobe offer biological backing for the levels-of-processing model of memory, illustrating how deeper processing enhances memory retention.
Heuristics in Decision-Making
- Vicky's immediate dislike of her daughter's boyfriend, Connor, is influenced by the affective heuristic, which is based on emotional responses rather than logical assessment.
Reasoning Types
- Kristen and Kyle's conclusion that Ryan likely has chicken pox demonstrates deductive reasoning, where general knowledge aids in specific conclusions.
Phobia Treatment
- Systematic desensitization, a method used for phobia treatment, employs the classical conditioning concept of extinction to reduce fear responses.
Köhler's Research on Problem-Solving
- Wolfgang Köhler's work with chimpanzees challenges the law of effect, as the chimps exhibited insightful problem-solving rather than trial-and-error approaches.
Reliability in Intelligence Testing
- A reliable intelligence test should produce similar scores across multiple test administrations for an individual, indicating consistency in measurement.
Motivated Forgetting and Memory
- The retrieval aspect of memory is hindered by motivated forgetting, complicating the process of recalling information.
Hippocampus and Memory Recall
- Remembering specific past events, like a recent dinner, activates the right part of the hippocampus, highlighting its role in recalling episodic memories.
Explicit Memory Retrieval
- Words serve as the key to accessing information stored in explicit memory, facilitating the recall of facts and experiences.
Memory Bridging
- Probes function as bridges between long-term and working memory, enabling information retrieval and application in cognitive tasks.
Bandura's Modeling Steps
- Retention, the step in Bandura's modeling process, relies on the observer's capability to recall what they have witnessed, affecting their ability to replicate behaviors.
Heuristics and Event Frequency
- The availability heuristic involves estimating the frequency of an event based on how easily instances come to mind, often leading to cognitive biases.
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