Psychology 101 - Chapter 6-8 Review

Questions and Answers

Harsh punishments such as spanking have become less supported by psychologists for which one of the following reasons?

Harsh punishments do not teach the correct behavior, but do clearly indicate which behaviors are not acceptable.

Punishment provides an aggressive example for children who may think violence solves problems. (correct)

Children who have been dealt harsh punishments often resolve not to harshly punish their own children, and this is taken as a sign of ineffectiveness.

Harsh punishments often only teach the child to avoid getting caught misbehaving.

What have studies of African grey parrots suggested?

Parrots cannot acquire language.

Parrots use language in a social context. (correct)

Parrots' 'language' is only an imitation of sound and has no inherent meaning.

Parrots are color-blind.

PET scans of the frontal lobe provide biological evidence to support which of the following?

Tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon

Levels-of-processing model (correct)

Working memory model

Cue-dependent forgetting

Kim's mother, Vicky, believes that men with long hair are likely to be fearful of romantic commitment. Which of the following heuristics most likely influenced Vicky's judgment?

Affective Signup and view all the answers

Kristen and Kyle think that their son likely has chicken pox when a rash appears. Which of the following types of reasoning did they most likely use?

Deductive Signup and view all the answers

Keegan chooses systematic desensitization for treating phobias. This technique uses which classical conditioning concept?

Extinction Signup and view all the answers

How did Wolfgang Köhler's work with chimpanzees call the law of effect into question?

The chimps did not use trial and error, but studied the problem before trying a solution. Signup and view all the answers

If you were tasked to develop a reliable intelligence test, you should verify that:

Scores on multiple test repetitions for a given person are similar. Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect of the memory process is impeded under motivated forgetting?

Retrieval Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following will likely cause more blood to flow through the right portion of the hippocampus?

Remembering what was for dinner last night Signup and view all the answers

What is the key to accessing information through explicit memory?

Words Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following serves as an access bridge between long-term memory and working memory?

Probe Signup and view all the answers

Which step in Bandura's modeling relies on the observer having memories of what they have seen?

Retention Signup and view all the answers

When we use the ease with which we can recall instances of an event to help us estimate the frequency of the event, we are using:

The availability heuristic. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Punishments and Child Behavior

Harsh punishments, like spanking, have diminished support due to their ineffectiveness in promoting appropriate behavior.
They often model aggression, leading children to view violence as a solution to problems.

Language and Parrots

Research on African grey parrots indicates they use language within a social context, showing communicative abilities beyond mere imitation.

Brain Imaging and Memory Models

PET scans of the frontal lobe offer biological backing for the levels-of-processing model of memory, illustrating how deeper processing enhances memory retention.

Heuristics in Decision-Making

Vicky's immediate dislike of her daughter's boyfriend, Connor, is influenced by the affective heuristic, which is based on emotional responses rather than logical assessment.

Reasoning Types

Kristen and Kyle's conclusion that Ryan likely has chicken pox demonstrates deductive reasoning, where general knowledge aids in specific conclusions.

Phobia Treatment

Systematic desensitization, a method used for phobia treatment, employs the classical conditioning concept of extinction to reduce fear responses.

Köhler's Research on Problem-Solving

Wolfgang Köhler's work with chimpanzees challenges the law of effect, as the chimps exhibited insightful problem-solving rather than trial-and-error approaches.

Reliability in Intelligence Testing

A reliable intelligence test should produce similar scores across multiple test administrations for an individual, indicating consistency in measurement.

Motivated Forgetting and Memory

The retrieval aspect of memory is hindered by motivated forgetting, complicating the process of recalling information.

Hippocampus and Memory Recall

Remembering specific past events, like a recent dinner, activates the right part of the hippocampus, highlighting its role in recalling episodic memories.

Explicit Memory Retrieval

Words serve as the key to accessing information stored in explicit memory, facilitating the recall of facts and experiences.

Memory Bridging

Probes function as bridges between long-term and working memory, enabling information retrieval and application in cognitive tasks.

Bandura's Modeling Steps

Retention, the step in Bandura's modeling process, relies on the observer's capability to recall what they have witnessed, affecting their ability to replicate behaviors.

Heuristics and Event Frequency

The availability heuristic involves estimating the frequency of an event based on how easily instances come to mind, often leading to cognitive biases.

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Description

Test your knowledge on key concepts from Chapters 6 to 8 of Psychology 101. This quiz covers important theories and discussions surrounding punishment and behavioral development. Perfect for students looking to reinforce their understanding before exams.