Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the definition of health according to the text?
What is the definition of health according to the text?
- A state of physical, mental, and social well-being (correct)
- The absence of physical well-being
- The absence of mental and social well-being
- The absence of disease and infirmity
What are the global leading causes of death according to the text?
What are the global leading causes of death according to the text?
- Noncommunicable diseases
- Infections and noncommunicable diseases
- Injuries and noncommunicable diseases
- Injuries, communicable diseases, maternal and perinatal conditions, and nutritional deficiencies (correct)
What percentage of deaths in the United States can be attributed to unhealthful behavior?
What percentage of deaths in the United States can be attributed to unhealthful behavior?
- 31%
- 60%
- 9%
- 45% (correct)
What percentage of day-to-day health problems are related to unhealthful behavior?
What percentage of day-to-day health problems are related to unhealthful behavior?
Which phase of the stress response involves diverting energy from long-term processes like digestion and growth towards short-term immune processes and respiration?
Which phase of the stress response involves diverting energy from long-term processes like digestion and growth towards short-term immune processes and respiration?
What impact can maternal cortisol levels during pregnancy have on child behavior problems?
What impact can maternal cortisol levels during pregnancy have on child behavior problems?
Which hormones play different roles in stress response for women and men?
Which hormones play different roles in stress response for women and men?
What is the typical response of women under stress, according to the text?
What is the typical response of women under stress, according to the text?
What may be the consequence of the fight or flight response in non-emergency or ordinary stress situations?
What may be the consequence of the fight or flight response in non-emergency or ordinary stress situations?
What can help reduce stress and turn down the fight or flight response?
What can help reduce stress and turn down the fight or flight response?
What is the subject of study in psycho-neuroimmunology?
What is the subject of study in psycho-neuroimmunology?
What does prolonged stress lead to, according to the text?
What does prolonged stress lead to, according to the text?
What can major stressors today trigger, according to the text?
What can major stressors today trigger, according to the text?
What can stress lead to, affecting the immune system?
What can stress lead to, affecting the immune system?
What does psycho-neuroimmunology study in relation to health?
What does psycho-neuroimmunology study in relation to health?
What are the components involved in the stress response?
What are the components involved in the stress response?
Which factor has a direct impact on physical health?
Which factor has a direct impact on physical health?
What plays a significant role in gut-brain communication?
What plays a significant role in gut-brain communication?
In whom is irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) more common?
In whom is irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) more common?
Which interventions have been shown to improve symptoms of IBS?
Which interventions have been shown to improve symptoms of IBS?
What has the Standard American Diet (SAD) been associated with?
What has the Standard American Diet (SAD) been associated with?
What has New Zealand imposed on youth buying cigarettes?
What has New Zealand imposed on youth buying cigarettes?
What can too little or excessive stress lead to?
What can too little or excessive stress lead to?
What is stress a process of?
What is stress a process of?
What increases the risk of catching a cold?
What increases the risk of catching a cold?
What can extreme stress lead to in some individuals?
What can extreme stress lead to in some individuals?
What plays a crucial role in how individuals respond to stress?
What plays a crucial role in how individuals respond to stress?
Which factor is associated with elevated cortisol levels and suppressed immunocompetence?
Which factor is associated with elevated cortisol levels and suppressed immunocompetence?
What is the primary concept associated with social hostility in relation to stress-related illnesses?
What is the primary concept associated with social hostility in relation to stress-related illnesses?
Which coping strategy involves dealing directly with the stressor?
Which coping strategy involves dealing directly with the stressor?
What does Psychoneuroimmunology (PNI) study?
What does Psychoneuroimmunology (PNI) study?
Which personality type is more likely to develop coronary heart disease?
Which personality type is more likely to develop coronary heart disease?
What does Compensatory Control Theory suggest religious belief systems can provide?
What does Compensatory Control Theory suggest religious belief systems can provide?
What does emotional venting and confession have been linked to?
What does emotional venting and confession have been linked to?
What is linked to suppressed immunocompetence and an increased risk of heart disease in adult men?
What is linked to suppressed immunocompetence and an increased risk of heart disease in adult men?
What does the belief in controlling one's fate influence?
What does the belief in controlling one's fate influence?
What may result in coronary heart disease due to clogging of the heart's nourishing vessels?
What may result in coronary heart disease due to clogging of the heart's nourishing vessels?
What is associated with Type A personality?
What is associated with Type A personality?
What is a common stress-associated disease mentioned in the text?
What is a common stress-associated disease mentioned in the text?
Which field is concerned with the nature and development of abnormal behavior, thoughts, and feelings?
Which field is concerned with the nature and development of abnormal behavior, thoughts, and feelings?
What refers to a state of mental/behavioral ill health?
What refers to a state of mental/behavioral ill health?
Which term refers to finding a collection of symptoms that tend to go together, and not just seeing a single symptom?
Which term refers to finding a collection of symptoms that tend to go together, and not just seeing a single symptom?
What does deviant mean in the context of psychological disorders?
What does deviant mean in the context of psychological disorders?
Which sociological model of mental illness challenges traditional perspectives?
Which sociological model of mental illness challenges traditional perspectives?
Who has criticized the DSM for its ever-growing list of psychiatric disorders and overly inclusive symptoms?
Who has criticized the DSM for its ever-growing list of psychiatric disorders and overly inclusive symptoms?
What does the DSM-IV provide for the diagnosis of psychological disorders?
What does the DSM-IV provide for the diagnosis of psychological disorders?
What percentage of the DSM-5 task force members have ties to the pharmaceutical industry?
What percentage of the DSM-5 task force members have ties to the pharmaceutical industry?
Who suggests that few mental health professionals embrace mental health as an entity?
Who suggests that few mental health professionals embrace mental health as an entity?
What is a criticism of the DSM?
What is a criticism of the DSM?
What is the DSM-IV?
What is the DSM-IV?
What are culture-bound syndromes evident in?
What are culture-bound syndromes evident in?
What does the labeling theory suggest about diagnosis?
What does the labeling theory suggest about diagnosis?
Who had schizophrenia and substance abuse issues?
Who had schizophrenia and substance abuse issues?
What does the DSM-IV group psychological disorders into?
What does the DSM-IV group psychological disorders into?
What does the DSM face criticism for including?
What does the DSM face criticism for including?
Which disorder involves two polar opposite moods: depression and mania?
Which disorder involves two polar opposite moods: depression and mania?
What is a possible cause of dissociation mentioned in the text?
What is a possible cause of dissociation mentioned in the text?
What is associated with ruminating, learned helplessness, and a depressive explanatory style?
What is associated with ruminating, learned helplessness, and a depressive explanatory style?
Which personality disorder does not necessarily equate to criminality?
Which personality disorder does not necessarily equate to criminality?
What do brain PET scans show in individuals with bipolar disorder?
What do brain PET scans show in individuals with bipolar disorder?
What do dissociative disorders involve?
What do dissociative disorders involve?
What is the former name of dissociative identity disorder (D.I.D.)?
What is the former name of dissociative identity disorder (D.I.D.)?
What is a characteristic of persistent depressive disorder?
What is a characteristic of persistent depressive disorder?
What is a possible consequence of dissociation?
What is a possible consequence of dissociation?
What do personality disorders like histrionic, narcissistic, borderline, and antisocial personality disorders have?
What do personality disorders like histrionic, narcissistic, borderline, and antisocial personality disorders have?
What is a brain difference in people who commit murder?
What is a brain difference in people who commit murder?
What is an example of a dissociative disorder?
What is an example of a dissociative disorder?
What are symptoms of Internet Addiction Disorder?
What are symptoms of Internet Addiction Disorder?
What are the symptoms of Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)?
What are the symptoms of Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)?
What does Panic Disorder involve?
What does Panic Disorder involve?
What is Specific Phobia characterized by?
What is Specific Phobia characterized by?
What is included in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)?
What is included in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)?
What are the manifestations of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)?
What are the manifestations of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)?
What are the characteristics of resilience after trauma?
What are the characteristics of resilience after trauma?
What is the relationship between mental illness and homelessness?
What is the relationship between mental illness and homelessness?
What was the biggest increase in homelessness attributed to?
What was the biggest increase in homelessness attributed to?
How is Internet Addiction Disorder similar to pathological gambling?
How is Internet Addiction Disorder similar to pathological gambling?
What is a common feature of Mental illness and/or substance abuse problems among the homeless?
What is a common feature of Mental illness and/or substance abuse problems among the homeless?
What is the definition of Resilience after trauma?
What is the definition of Resilience after trauma?
What is a possible explanation for Dissociative Identity Disorder (D.I.D.)?
What is a possible explanation for Dissociative Identity Disorder (D.I.D.)?
Which symptom is commonly associated with Schizophrenia?
Which symptom is commonly associated with Schizophrenia?
What is a common feature of hallucinations in Schizophrenia?
What is a common feature of hallucinations in Schizophrenia?
What can inappropriate emotions in schizophrenia manifest as?
What can inappropriate emotions in schizophrenia manifest as?
What can result in odd and socially inappropriate behaviors in schizophrenia?
What can result in odd and socially inappropriate behaviors in schizophrenia?
At what age does schizophrenia typically develop?
At what age does schizophrenia typically develop?
What are the biological risk factors for schizophrenia?
What are the biological risk factors for schizophrenia?
What does the course of schizophrenia include?
What does the course of schizophrenia include?
What do schizophrenia symptoms consist of?
What do schizophrenia symptoms consist of?
What is the prevalence of schizophrenia?
What is the prevalence of schizophrenia?
What can mental disorders like schizophrenia and D.I.D. arise from?
What can mental disorders like schizophrenia and D.I.D. arise from?
What is a possible explanation for Dissociative Identity Disorder (D.I.D.)?
What is a possible explanation for Dissociative Identity Disorder (D.I.D.)?
Study Notes
Psychological Factors and Stress-Related Illnesses
- Psychophysiological illness is a real illness caused in part by psychological factors such as stress.
- Common stress-associated diseases include diminished immunity, headache, fatigue, weight gain, hypertension, heart disease, anxiety, depression, insomnia, and substance abuse.
- Psychoneuroimmunology (PNI) studies the mind-body link and how psychological factors, especially stress, can interfere with the function of the immune system.
- Personality types such as Type A (competitive, impatient) and Type B (easygoing) are linked to stress-related illnesses, with Type A personalities more likely to develop coronary heart disease.
- Stress that leads to elevated blood pressure may result in coronary heart disease due to clogging of the heart's nourishing vessels.
- The concept of Type A personality, coined by cardiologists, is primarily associated with social hostility.
- Emotional inhibition or suppression of hostility can worsen the impact of stress, while emotional venting and confession have been linked to better health outcomes.
- Negative affectivity, characterized by anxiety, depression, and hostility, is associated with elevated cortisol levels and suppressed immunocompetence.
- Pessimistic explanatory style has been related to suppressed immunocompetence and an increased risk of heart disease in adult men.
- Locus of control, the belief in controlling one's fate, influences stress coping strategies, with internal control associated with more effective cognitive coping methods.
- Coping strategies include problem-focused coping (dealing directly with the stressor) and emotion-focused coping (changing one's reaction to the stressor).
- Compensatory Control Theory suggests that religious belief systems can provide an external source of control that substitutes a perceived lack of personal control, as demonstrated in experimental studies.
Understanding Schizophrenia and Dissociative Identity Disorder
- Dissociative Identity Disorder (D.I.D.) involves distinct personalities not present in consciousness at the same time, with varying degrees of awareness of each other.
- Explanations for D.I.D. include extreme role-playing and cultural construction, potentially worsened by therapist encouragement.
- Schizophrenia symptoms include disorganized speech, delusions, disturbed perceptions, inappropriate emotions and actions.
- Schizophrenia commonly involves hallucinations, particularly auditory, with upsetting content.
- Inappropriate emotions in schizophrenia can manifest as flat affect and impaired perception of emotions in others.
- Odd and socially inappropriate behaviors in schizophrenia can result from disorganized thinking, delusions, and hallucinations.
- Schizophrenia symptoms can include repetitive behaviors and catatonia.
- Schizophrenia typically develops in late adolescence or early adulthood, with a prevalence of nearly 1 in 100 people, slightly more in men than women.
- The course of schizophrenia can be acute/reactive or chronic, with different symptom presentations and recovery likelihood.
- Schizophrenia symptoms consist of positive (presence of problematic behaviors) and negative (absence of healthy behaviors) symptoms.
- Biological risk factors for schizophrenia include low birth weight, maternal diabetes, older paternal age, and maternal virus during midpregnancy.
- Mental disorders, such as schizophrenia and D.I.D., can arise from the interaction between biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors.
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Description
Test your knowledge of the psychological factors contributing to stress-related illnesses with this quiz. Explore concepts such as psychophysiological illness, personality types, coping strategies, and the mind-body link studied in psychoneuroimmunology. Gain insights into how psychological factors, stress, and coping methods can impact physical health.
