Psychological Disorders Quiz

Understanding Schizophrenia and Dissociative Identity Disorder

• Dissociative Identity Disorder (D.I.D.) involves distinct personalities not present in consciousness at the same time, with varying degrees of awareness of each other.
• Explanations for D.I.D. include extreme role-playing and cultural construction, potentially worsened by therapist encouragement.
• Schizophrenia symptoms include disorganized speech, delusions, disturbed perceptions, inappropriate emotions and actions.
• Schizophrenia commonly involves hallucinations, particularly auditory, with upsetting content.
• Inappropriate emotions in schizophrenia can manifest as flat affect and impaired perception of emotions in others.
• Odd and socially inappropriate behaviors in schizophrenia can result from disorganized thinking, delusions, and hallucinations.
• Schizophrenia symptoms can include repetitive behaviors and catatonia.
• Schizophrenia typically develops in late adolescence or early adulthood, with a prevalence of nearly 1 in 100 people, slightly more in men than women.
• The course of schizophrenia can be acute/reactive or chronic, with different symptom presentations and recovery likelihood.
• Schizophrenia symptoms consist of positive (presence of problematic behaviors) and negative (absence of healthy behaviors) symptoms.
• Biological risk factors for schizophrenia include low birth weight, maternal diabetes, older paternal age, and maternal virus during midpregnancy.
• Mental disorders, such as schizophrenia and D.I.D., can arise from the interaction between biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors.

Understanding Psychological Disorders

• Depression can manifest as persistent depressive disorder, characterized by nonspecific symptoms such as changes in body weight.
• Bipolar disorder, previously known as manic-depressive disorder, involves two polar opposite moods: depression and mania, with distinct symptoms for each.
• Brain PET scans show that energy consumption in the brain fluctuates with emotional swings in bipolar disorder.
• Depression is associated with ruminating, learned helplessness, and a depressive explanatory style, leading to a vicious cycle of negative thinking and mood.
• Personality disorders like histrionic, narcissistic, borderline, and antisocial personality disorders have distinct characteristics and behavioral patterns.
• Antisocial personality disorder (APD) does not necessarily equate to criminality, as many individuals with APD do not commit crimes.
• The brain differences in people who commit murder include less tissue and activity in the part of the brain that suppresses impulses, an overactive dopamine reward-seeking system, and less amygdala response to violence.
• Dissociative disorders involve a disruption in integrated functions of identity, consciousness, memory, and perception, with common experiences like daydreaming and missing parts of conversations.
• Possible causes of dissociation include fatigue, sleep deprivation, stress, binge drinking, drug use, and engaging in certain religious or cultural rituals or events.
• Dissociation can serve as a psychological escape from overwhelming stress, while dissociative disorders refer to dysfunction and distress caused by severe dissociation.
• Examples of dissociative disorders include dissociative amnesia, dissociative fugue, and dissociative identity disorder (D.I.D.), with the latter involving the development of separate personalities.
• Dissociative identity disorder (D.I.D.) was formerly known as multiple personality alternative disorder and involves the rare development of separate identities in individuals.