Psychological Disorders Overview

Questions and Answers

How is normality defined?

Actions, feelings, or characteristics that are expected from a given situation.

What are the major psychological disorders?

Schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders, mood disorders, anxiety disorders, somatoform disorders, dissociative disorders, personality disorders, sexual and gender identity disorders, and substance-related disorders.

What are some risk factors that can lead to psychological disorders?

Biological/organic, psychological, family, social conditions.

How can psychiatric labeling be misused?

People are dehumanized, meaning that they are only viewed as their symptom. Signup and view all the answers

What are commitment proceedings?

A hearing to determine if someone should be committed into a psychiatric ward. Signup and view all the answers

What does atypical refer to?

Behaviors or feelings that deviate from the norm. Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by etiology?

Cause or causes of a psychological disorder. Signup and view all the answers

What is the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5)?

An authoritative index of mental disorders and the criteria for their diagnosis, published by the American Psychiatric Association (APA). Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by harmful dysfunction?

Model of psychological disorders resulting from the inability of an internal mechanism to perform its natural function. Signup and view all the answers

What is a psychological disorder?

A condition characterized by abnormal thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. Signup and view all the answers

What does psychopathology study?

Study of psychological disorders, including their symptoms, causes, and treatment. Signup and view all the answers

What is statistical abnormality?

Abnormality defined on the basis of an extreme score on some dimension, such as IQ or anxiety. Signup and view all the answers

What does social non-conformity refer to?

Failure to conform to societal norms or the unusual minimum standards for social conduct. Signup and view all the answers

What is maladaptive behavior?

Behavior arising from an underlying psychological or biological dysfunction that makes it difficult to adapt to the environment. Signup and view all the answers

What does the term insanity refer to?

A legal term that refers to a mental inability to manage one's affairs or to be aware of the consequences of one's actions. Signup and view all the answers

What is a mental disorder?

A significant impairment in psychological functioning. Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes a psychotic disorder?

A severe mental disorder characterized by a retreat from reality, by hallucinations and delusions, and by social withdrawal. Signup and view all the answers

What is a mood disorder?

A major disturbance in mood or emotion, such as depression or mania. Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes an anxiety disorder?

Disruptive feelings of fear, apprehension, or anxiety, or distortions in behavior that are anxiety-related. Signup and view all the answers

What is a somatoform disorder?

Physical symptoms that mimic disease or injury for which there is no identifiable physical cause. Signup and view all the answers

What defines a dissociative disorder?

Temporary amnesia, multiple personality, or depersonalization. Signup and view all the answers

What is a personality disorder?

A maladaptive personality pattern. Signup and view all the answers

Persons who are either euphoric and hyperactive or severely depressed may be suffering from what?

Mood disorders. Signup and view all the answers

Dissociative, somatoform, mood, and sexual and gender identity are types of what?

Mental disorders. Signup and view all the answers

A core feature of all abnormal behavior is that it is what?

Maladaptive. Signup and view all the answers

The chief distinguishing feature of psychotic disorders is what?

A loss of contact with shared views of reality. Signup and view all the answers

If you showed symptoms like panic attacks, you would most likely be diagnosed with some form of __________ disorder.

Anxiety. Signup and view all the answers

What is an important use of DSM-IV-TR?

A guide to help psychologists to correctly identify mental disorders and select the best therapy. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Understanding Psychological Disorders

Normality is defined by actions, feelings, or characteristics expected in given situations.
Major types of psychological disorders include schizophrenia, mood disorders, anxiety disorders, somatoform disorders, dissociative disorders, personality disorders, sexual and gender identity disorders, and substance-related disorders.
Risk factors for psychological disorders can be biological/organic, psychological, familial, or influenced by social conditions.

Psychiatric Labeling and Commitments

Psychiatric labeling can lead to dehumanization, reducing individuals to their symptoms.
Commitment proceedings refer to hearings that determine if someone should be admitted to a psychiatric ward.

Concepts in Psychopathology

Atypical behaviors diverge from societal norms or expectations.
Etiology refers to the causes of psychological disorders.
The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) serves as an authoritative guide for diagnosing mental disorders.

Definitions of Key Terms

Harmful dysfunction occurs when an internal mechanism fails to function properly, leading to psychological disorders.
Psychological disorders manifest through abnormal thoughts, feelings, and behaviors.
Psychopathology involves studying psychological disorders and their symptoms, causes, and treatments.

Types of Disorders

Statistical abnormality is identified by extreme scores on various dimensions, like IQ or anxiety levels.
Social non-conformity indicates failure to adhere to societal norms for behavior.
Maladaptive behavior arises from psychological or biological issues, making everyday life challenging.
Insanity is a legal term indicating the inability to understand or manage one's actions.

Categories of Mental Disorders

Psychotic disorders involve severe mental disturbances characterized by hallucinations and delusions.
Mood disorders cause major emotional disturbances, such as depression or mania.
Anxiety disorders are marked by intense fear and apprehension.
Somatoform disorders involve physical symptoms without identifiable causes.
Dissociative disorders can involve amnesia or feelings of depersonalization.
Personality disorders display maladaptive personality patterns.

Additional Insights

Mood disorders can lead to euphoria or severe depression.
The DSM-IV-TR assists psychologists in identifying mental disorders and choosing appropriate treatment.
A core aspect of abnormal behavior is its maladaptive nature, hindering an individual's ability to function.
A distinguishing feature of psychotic disorders is a disconnect from shared reality.

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Description

Explore the definitions and classifications of psychological disorders with these flashcards. Learn about what constitutes normality and discover the major types of psychological disorders affecting individuals today.