Psychological Disorders Overview
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Questions and Answers

How is normality defined?

Actions, feelings, or characteristics that are expected from a given situation.

What are the major psychological disorders?

Schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders, mood disorders, anxiety disorders, somatoform disorders, dissociative disorders, personality disorders, sexual and gender identity disorders, and substance-related disorders.

What are some risk factors that can lead to psychological disorders?

Biological/organic, psychological, family, social conditions.

How can psychiatric labeling be misused?

<p>People are dehumanized, meaning that they are only viewed as their symptom.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are commitment proceedings?

<p>A hearing to determine if someone should be committed into a psychiatric ward.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does atypical refer to?

<p>Behaviors or feelings that deviate from the norm.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by etiology?

<p>Cause or causes of a psychological disorder.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5)?

<p>An authoritative index of mental disorders and the criteria for their diagnosis, published by the American Psychiatric Association (APA).</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by harmful dysfunction?

<p>Model of psychological disorders resulting from the inability of an internal mechanism to perform its natural function.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a psychological disorder?

<p>A condition characterized by abnormal thoughts, feelings, and behaviors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does psychopathology study?

<p>Study of psychological disorders, including their symptoms, causes, and treatment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is statistical abnormality?

<p>Abnormality defined on the basis of an extreme score on some dimension, such as IQ or anxiety.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does social non-conformity refer to?

<p>Failure to conform to societal norms or the unusual minimum standards for social conduct.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is maladaptive behavior?

<p>Behavior arising from an underlying psychological or biological dysfunction that makes it difficult to adapt to the environment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term insanity refer to?

<p>A legal term that refers to a mental inability to manage one's affairs or to be aware of the consequences of one's actions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a mental disorder?

<p>A significant impairment in psychological functioning.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes a psychotic disorder?

<p>A severe mental disorder characterized by a retreat from reality, by hallucinations and delusions, and by social withdrawal.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a mood disorder?

<p>A major disturbance in mood or emotion, such as depression or mania.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes an anxiety disorder?

<p>Disruptive feelings of fear, apprehension, or anxiety, or distortions in behavior that are anxiety-related.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a somatoform disorder?

<p>Physical symptoms that mimic disease or injury for which there is no identifiable physical cause.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What defines a dissociative disorder?

<p>Temporary amnesia, multiple personality, or depersonalization.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a personality disorder?

<p>A maladaptive personality pattern.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Persons who are either euphoric and hyperactive or severely depressed may be suffering from what?

<p>Mood disorders.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Dissociative, somatoform, mood, and sexual and gender identity are types of what?

<p>Mental disorders.</p> Signup and view all the answers

A core feature of all abnormal behavior is that it is what?

<p>Maladaptive.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The chief distinguishing feature of psychotic disorders is what?

<p>A loss of contact with shared views of reality.</p> Signup and view all the answers

If you showed symptoms like panic attacks, you would most likely be diagnosed with some form of __________ disorder.

<p>Anxiety.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an important use of DSM-IV-TR?

<p>A guide to help psychologists to correctly identify mental disorders and select the best therapy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Understanding Psychological Disorders

  • Normality is defined by actions, feelings, or characteristics expected in given situations.
  • Major types of psychological disorders include schizophrenia, mood disorders, anxiety disorders, somatoform disorders, dissociative disorders, personality disorders, sexual and gender identity disorders, and substance-related disorders.
  • Risk factors for psychological disorders can be biological/organic, psychological, familial, or influenced by social conditions.

Psychiatric Labeling and Commitments

  • Psychiatric labeling can lead to dehumanization, reducing individuals to their symptoms.
  • Commitment proceedings refer to hearings that determine if someone should be admitted to a psychiatric ward.

Concepts in Psychopathology

  • Atypical behaviors diverge from societal norms or expectations.
  • Etiology refers to the causes of psychological disorders.
  • The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) serves as an authoritative guide for diagnosing mental disorders.

Definitions of Key Terms

  • Harmful dysfunction occurs when an internal mechanism fails to function properly, leading to psychological disorders.
  • Psychological disorders manifest through abnormal thoughts, feelings, and behaviors.
  • Psychopathology involves studying psychological disorders and their symptoms, causes, and treatments.

Types of Disorders

  • Statistical abnormality is identified by extreme scores on various dimensions, like IQ or anxiety levels.
  • Social non-conformity indicates failure to adhere to societal norms for behavior.
  • Maladaptive behavior arises from psychological or biological issues, making everyday life challenging.
  • Insanity is a legal term indicating the inability to understand or manage one's actions.

Categories of Mental Disorders

  • Psychotic disorders involve severe mental disturbances characterized by hallucinations and delusions.
  • Mood disorders cause major emotional disturbances, such as depression or mania.
  • Anxiety disorders are marked by intense fear and apprehension.
  • Somatoform disorders involve physical symptoms without identifiable causes.
  • Dissociative disorders can involve amnesia or feelings of depersonalization.
  • Personality disorders display maladaptive personality patterns.

Additional Insights

  • Mood disorders can lead to euphoria or severe depression.
  • The DSM-IV-TR assists psychologists in identifying mental disorders and choosing appropriate treatment.
  • A core aspect of abnormal behavior is its maladaptive nature, hindering an individual's ability to function.
  • A distinguishing feature of psychotic disorders is a disconnect from shared reality.

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Explore the definitions and classifications of psychological disorders with these flashcards. Learn about what constitutes normality and discover the major types of psychological disorders affecting individuals today.

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