Psychology Chapter 15: Psychological Disorders

Questions and Answers

What is a primary characteristic of anxiety disorders?

Uncontrollable anger outbursts

Extreme happiness and contentment

Lack of emotional responsiveness

Persistent distressing anxiety (correct)

Which psychological disorder can contribute to poverty?

Schizophrenia (correct)

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Depression

Bipolar Disorder

Which of the following best describes the relationship between poverty and psychological disorders?

Poverty exclusively causes anxiety disorders

Conditions associated with poverty can lead to the development of disorders (correct)

There is no link between poverty and psychological health

Psychological disorders do not affect economic status

What types of disorders are specifically mentioned as anxiety disorders?

Anxiety Disorders, OCD, and PTSD Signup and view all the answers

What effect can difficult social conditions have on individuals?

They contribute to the development of psychological disorders Signup and view all the answers

Which of these disorders is classified under the category of anxiety disorders?

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes psychological disorders?

Clinically significant disturbance in cognition, emotion, or behavior Signup and view all the answers

What indicates that thoughts, emotions, or behaviors are maladaptive?

They disrupt a person's ability to function effectively Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about the rates of psychological disorders is true?

They vary based on time and place of the survey Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is identified as a risk for developing psychological disorders?

Poverty Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a category of psychological disorders mentioned?

Substance Use Disorders Signup and view all the answers

What approach combines biological, psychological, and social factors in understanding psychological disorders?

Biopsychosocial Approach Signup and view all the answers

What role does emotion regulation play in psychological disorders?

It is a key component of disturbance Signup and view all the answers

What is a common misconception about psychological disorders?

They are solely caused by genetic factors Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes generalized anxiety disorder?

Continually tense and apprehensive state Signup and view all the answers

Which disorder is associated with persistent irrational fears?

Phobias Signup and view all the answers

What is a common feature of obsessive-compulsive disorder?

Interference with everyday life due to obsessive thoughts Signup and view all the answers

What may trigger posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms?

Exposure to traumatic experiences Signup and view all the answers

Which population is at a higher risk for developing PTSD?

Women Signup and view all the answers

How are behaviors and thoughts related to depressive disorders?

They change significantly with depression Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common symptom of PTSD?

Social withdrawal Signup and view all the answers

What defines panic disorder specifically?

Sudden episodes of intense dread Signup and view all the answers

Which demographic is noted as more likely to experience OCD?

Teens and young adults Signup and view all the answers

What are common responses in someone with generalized anxiety disorder?

Constant autonomic nervous system arousal Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant factor that increases the risk of major depression?

Stressful life events Signup and view all the answers

How does depression affect brain activity?

Slows brain activity Signup and view all the answers

Which neurotransmitters are often found to be scarce in individuals with depression?

Norepinephrine and serotonin Signup and view all the answers

What advantage does the social-cognitive perspective provide in understanding depression?

It examines how beliefs and expectations influence perceptions Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI)?

Engaging in harmful activities such as cutting or burning oneself Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a symptom of schizophrenia?

Hallucinations Signup and view all the answers

Chronic schizophrenia, also known as process schizophrenia, primarily develops in which period?

Late adolescence to early adulthood Signup and view all the answers

What impact does learned helplessness have on individuals with depression?

Contributes to self-defeating beliefs Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between depression and suicidal behavior?

There is an increased risk of suicide in those diagnosed with depression Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements best captures the impact of modern society on depression?

Depression is striking earlier in life with each new generation. Signup and view all the answers

What is a defining characteristic of acute schizophrenia?

It frequently occurs in response to an emotionally traumatic event. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors may increase the risk of developing schizophrenia?

Lack of oxygen during delivery Signup and view all the answers

How are personality disorders categorized?

Into three clusters based on behavior patterns. Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'personality disorder' refer to?

Inflexible and enduring behavior patterns impairing social functioning. Signup and view all the answers

What might be a consequence of midpregnancy viral infections on a child's development?

It could weaken cognitive abilities later in life. Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic is NOT associated with personality disorders?

Flexible coping mechanisms Signup and view all the answers

List one prenatal risk factor linked to schizophrenia.

Low birth weight Signup and view all the answers

What type of behavior is associated with the cluster of personality disorders characterized by dramatic or impulsive traits?

Impulsive and dramatic behavior Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Overview of Psychological Disorders

Psychological disorders involve clinically significant disturbances in cognition, emotion regulation, or behavior.
Disorders are typically marked by maladaptive thoughts, emotions, or behaviors.

Biopsychosocial Approach

Psychological disorders' rates differ based on geographic and temporal context.
Poverty is a notable risk factor for mental disorders, as it correlates with adverse conditions and experiences.
Conversely, some disorders, such as schizophrenia, can lead individuals into poverty.

Anxiety Disorders, OCD, and PTSD

Anxiety disorders manifest as persistent anxiety or maladaptive behaviors aimed at reducing anxiety.
Generalized Anxiety Disorder: Characterized by ongoing tension and readiness.
Panic Disorder: Involves sudden episodes of intense dread and fear of recurrence.
Phobias: Persistent, irrational fears towards specific objects or situations.

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)

OCD is marked by persistent obsessions (thoughts) and compulsions (actions) that disrupt daily life.
More prevalent among teens and young adults than older populations.

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)

PTSD symptoms include haunting memories, nightmares, social withdrawal, and hyperarousal lasting for over four weeks after a trauma.
Common among combat veterans (7.6% of combatants) and survivors of violence and disasters (1.4% of non-combatants).
Higher prevalence of PTSD reported in women.

Depressive Disorders and Bipolar Disorder

Depression is prevalent, with women being nearly twice as likely to experience major depression as men.
Key factors influencing depression include significant life stressors in work, marriage, and relationships.
Depression's onset is occurring earlier in life with each new generation.

Neurobiological Aspects

During depressive episodes, brain activity slows, particularly in the left frontal lobe, and there is a reduced presence of norepinephrine and serotonin.

Individuals with depression may adopt negative views of themselves and their environment, which perpetuates the disorder.
The social-cognitive perspective suggests that self-defeating beliefs can manifest into a cycle of depression through negative perceptions and experiences.

Suicide and Self-Injury

Over 1 million individuals commit suicide globally, with increased risk correlating with depression.
Feelings of disconnection or being a burden heighten suicidal tendencies.
Nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) encompasses various self-harming behaviors.

Schizophrenia

Schizophrenia encompasses delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, and emotional disturbances.
Symptoms often include disturbed perceptions, disorganized thoughts, and inappropriate emotional responses.

Onset and Development

Chronic Schizophrenia: Symptoms typically present in late adolescence or early adulthood with a progressive worsening.
Acute Schizophrenia: Can arise at any age often after emotional trauma, featuring longer recovery times.

Prenatal Factors and Risk

Prenatal risks include low birth weight, oxygen deprivation, maternal nutrition, viral infections during pregnancy, and birth season.

Personality Disorders

Personality disorders are characterized by enduring behavior patterns that disrupt social functioning.
These disorders are categorized into three clusters based on anxiety, odd behaviors, and dramatic behaviors.

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Description

Explore the key concepts of psychological disorders in this quiz, focusing on anxiety disorders, OCD, PTSD, depressive disorders, and bipolar disorder. Understand the basics and differentiate between various types of mental health conditions. Test your knowledge and reinforce your learning on this critical chapter.