Psychological Disorders

Psychological Disorders

Anxiety Disorders

• Characterized by excessive fear, anxiety, or avoidance of specific objects, situations, or activities
• Types:
  • Panic Disorder: recurring panic attacks
  • Social Anxiety Disorder: fear of social or performance situations
  • Specific Phobia: fear of specific objects or situations
  • Generalized Anxiety Disorder: excessive worry about everyday things

Mood Disorders

• Characterized by disturbances in mood, emotion, or motivation
• Types:
  • Major Depressive Disorder: persistent feelings of sadness and loss of interest
  • Bipolar Disorder: alternating episodes of mania and depression
  • Cyclothymic Disorder: recurring periods of depression and hypomania

Personality Disorders

• Characterized by inflexible and maladaptive patterns of behavior, thinking, and feeling
• Types:
  • Cluster A: paranoid, schizoid, schizotypal
  • Cluster B: borderline, histrionic, narcissistic
  • Cluster C: avoidant, dependent, obsessive-compulsive

Trauma and Stressor-related Disorders

• Characterized by symptoms following a traumatic event
• Types:
  • Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD): flashbacks, nightmares, avoidance
  • Acute Stress Disorder: symptoms similar to PTSD, but shorter duration

Neurodevelopmental Disorders

• Characterized by impairments in cognitive, social, and emotional development
• Types:
  • Autism Spectrum Disorder: difficulties with social interaction, communication
  • Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): difficulties with attention, impulse control
  • Intellectual Disability: significant limitations in cognitive function

Obsessive-Compulsive Related Disorders

• Characterized by recurring, intrusive thoughts and compulsions to perform specific behaviors
• Types:
  • Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD): recurring thoughts and compulsions
  • Body Dysmorphic Disorder: preoccupation with perceived flaws in appearance
  • Trichotillomania: recurrent hair pulling

Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders

• Characterized by excessive thoughts, feelings, and behaviors related to physical symptoms
• Types:
  • Somatic Symptom Disorder: excessive thoughts, feelings, and behaviors related to physical symptoms
  • Conversion Disorder: symptoms affecting motor or sensory function
  • Illness Anxiety Disorder: excessive anxiety about health

Dissociative Disorders

• Characterized by disruptions in consciousness, memory, or identity
• Types:
  • Dissociative Amnesia: inability to recall important information
  • Dissociative Fugue: sudden, unexpected travel away from home
  • Depersonalization Disorder: feeling detached from oneself or body

Mood Disorders and Suicide

• Individuals with mood disorders are at higher risk for suicide
• Warning signs: changes in mood, behavior, or sleep; increased substance use; withdrawal from social activities

Eating Disorders

• Characterized by disturbances in eating behavior, emotions, and thoughts
• Types:
  • Anorexia Nervosa: restrictive eating, significant weight loss
  • Bulimia Nervosa: bingeing and purging
  • Binge Eating Disorder: recurring episodes of binge eating

Sleep Disorders

• Characterized by disturbances in sleep patterns or quality
• Types:
  • Insomnia Disorder: difficulty initiating or maintaining sleep
  • Narcolepsy: excessive daytime sleepiness
  • Sleep Apnea: repeated episodes of stopped breathing during sleep

Psychological Disorders

Anxiety Disorders

• Excessive fear, anxiety, or avoidance of specific objects, situations, or activities
• Panic Disorder: recurring panic attacks
• Social Anxiety Disorder: fear of social or performance situations
• Specific Phobia: fear of specific objects or situations
• Generalized Anxiety Disorder: excessive worry about everyday things

Mood Disorders

• Disturbances in mood, emotion, or motivation
• Major Depressive Disorder: persistent feelings of sadness and loss of interest
• Bipolar Disorder: alternating episodes of mania and depression
• Cyclothymic Disorder: recurring periods of depression and hypomania

Personality Disorders

• Inflexible and maladaptive patterns of behavior, thinking, and feeling
• Cluster A: paranoid, schizoid, schizotypal
• Cluster B: borderline, histrionic, narcissistic
• Cluster C: avoidant, dependent, obsessive-compulsive

Trauma and Stressor-related Disorders

• Symptoms following a traumatic event
• Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD): flashbacks, nightmares, avoidance
• Acute Stress Disorder: symptoms similar to PTSD, but shorter duration

Neurodevelopmental Disorders

• Impairments in cognitive, social, and emotional development
• Autism Spectrum Disorder: difficulties with social interaction, communication
• Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): difficulties with attention, impulse control
• Intellectual Disability: significant limitations in cognitive function

Obsessive-Compulsive Related Disorders

• Recurring, intrusive thoughts and compulsions to perform specific behaviors
• Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD): recurring thoughts and compulsions
• Body Dysmorphic Disorder: preoccupation with perceived flaws in appearance
• Trichotillomania: recurrent hair pulling

Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders

• Excessive thoughts, feelings, and behaviors related to physical symptoms
• Somatic Symptom Disorder: excessive thoughts, feelings, and behaviors related to physical symptoms
• Conversion Disorder: symptoms affecting motor or sensory function
• Illness Anxiety Disorder: excessive anxiety about health

Dissociative Disorders

• Disruptions in consciousness, memory, or identity
• Dissociative Amnesia: inability to recall important information
• Dissociative Fugue: sudden, unexpected travel away from home
• Depersonalization Disorder: feeling detached from oneself or body

Suicide Risk

• Individuals with mood disorders are at higher risk for suicide
• Warning signs: changes in mood, behavior, or sleep; increased substance use; withdrawal from social activities

Eating Disorders

• Disturbances in eating behavior, emotions, and thoughts
• Anorexia Nervosa: restrictive eating, significant weight loss
• Bulimia Nervosa: bingeing and purging
• Binge Eating Disorder: recurring episodes of binge eating

Sleep Disorders

• Disturbances in sleep patterns or quality
• Insomnia Disorder: difficulty initiating or maintaining sleep
• Narcolepsy: excessive daytime sleepiness
• Sleep Apnea: repeated episodes of stopped breathing during sleep

Obsessive-Compulsive Related Disorders

• Characterized by recurring, intrusive thoughts (obsessions) and repetitive behaviors (compulsions)
• Examples include:
  • Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD): recurring thoughts and compulsions that interfere with daily life
  • Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD): excessive preoccupation with perceived flaws in one's appearance
  • Hoarding Disorder: difficulty discarding or parting with possessions, leading to clutter and disorganization

Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders

• Characterized by physical symptoms or concerns about one's health that are excessive or disproportionate to any actual medical condition
• Examples include:
  • Somatic Symptom Disorder (SSD): excessive thoughts, feelings, or behaviors related to physical symptoms
  • Illness Anxiety Disorder: excessive anxiety about having or acquiring a serious illness
  • Conversion Disorder (Functional Neurological Symptom Disorder): physical symptoms that cannot be explained by a medical condition, such as paralysis or seizures

Dissociative Disorders

• Characterized by a disconnection between thoughts, feelings, and experiences, often in response to traumatic or stressful events
• Examples include:
  • Dissociative Amnesia: inability to recall important information about oneself or events
  • Depersonalization Disorder: feeling detached from one's body or self
  • Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID): presence of two or more distinct identities or personalities

Mood Disorders

• Characterized by a disturbance in mood or emotional state
• Examples include:
  • Major Depressive Disorder (MDD): persistent feelings of sadness, hopelessness, and loss of interest in activities
  • Bipolar Disorder: periods of mania or hypomania, often alternating with episodes of depression
  • Persistent Depressive Disorder (Dysthymia): low-grade depression that lasts for two years or more

Suicide

• The act of intentionally taking one's own life
• Risk factors include:
  • Mental health disorders, such as depression, anxiety, and substance abuse
  • Previous suicide attempts or suicidal ideation
  • Family history of suicide
  • Social isolation or lack of social support
• Warning signs include:
  • Changes in mood, behavior, or sleep patterns
  • Expressions of hopelessness or helplessness
  • Increased substance abuse or reckless behavior
  • Withdrawal from social activities or relationships

Obsessive-Compulsive Related Disorders

• Characterized by recurring, intrusive thoughts (obsessions) and repetitive behaviors (compulsions) that an individual feels compelled to perform.
• Includes Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD), Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD), Hoarding Disorder, Trichotillomania (Hair-Pulling Disorder), and Excoriation (Skin-Picking) Disorder.

Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders

• Excessive thoughts, feelings, and behaviors related to physical symptoms or health concerns.
• Includes Somatic Symptom Disorder (SSD), Illness Anxiety Disorder (IAD), Conversion Disorder (Functional Neurological Symptom Disorder), and Factitious Disorder (Munchausen Syndrome).

Dissociative Disorders

• Disconnection between thoughts, feelings, memories, or sense of self, often in response to traumatic events.
• Includes Dissociative Amnesia, Dissociative Fugue, Depersonalization Disorder, and Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID, formerly Multiple Personality Disorder).

Mood Disorders and Suicide

• Characterized by disturbances in mood, emotional regulation, and thoughts about self-harm or suicide.
• Includes Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), Bipolar Disorder, Cyclothymic Disorder, and Persistent Depressive Disorder (Dysthymia).
• Suicide risk factors include:
• Mental health conditions (e.g., depression, bipolar disorder)
• Substance abuse
• Trauma
• Chronic pain or illness
• Social isolation
• Family history of suicide

Anxiety Disorders

• Characterized by excessive and persistent feelings of anxiety and fear
• Includes Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD), Panic Disorder, Social Anxiety Disorder, Specific Phobias, and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)

Mood Disorders

• Characterized by disturbances in emotional experience and mood
• Types include Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), Bipolar Disorder, Cyclothymic Disorder, Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD), and Persistent Depressive Disorder (PDD)
• Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) involves persistent feelings of sadness and hopelessness
• Bipolar Disorder involves alternating episodes of mania and depression

Personality Disorders

• Characterized by inflexible and maladaptive patterns of thinking, feeling, and behaving
• Includes Paranoid Personality Disorder, Schizoid Personality Disorder, Borderline Personality Disorder, Antisocial Personality Disorder, and Narcissistic Personality Disorder
• Borderline Personality Disorder is characterized by emotional dysregulation and impulsivity

Trauma and Stressor-Related Disorders

• Characterized by symptoms that occur after a traumatic event
• Includes Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), Acute Stress Disorder (ASD), Adjustment Disorder, and Reactive Attachment Disorder
• PTSD involves anxiety and flashbacks after a traumatic event

Neurodevelopmental Disorders

• Characterized by impairments in cognitive, social, and emotional development
• Includes Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), Intellectual Disability, and Learning Disorders
• ADHD involves difficulty with attention and impulse control

Obsessive-Compulsive Related Disorders

• Characterized by recurring thoughts and compulsions to perform specific behaviors
• Includes Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD), Body Dysmorphic Disorder, Hoarding Disorder, and Trichotillomania (Hair-Pulling Disorder)
• OCD involves recurring thoughts and compulsions

Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders

• Characterized by physical symptoms that are not fully explained by medical conditions
• Includes Somatic Symptom Disorder, Conversion Disorder, Illness Anxiety Disorder, and Psychological Factors Affecting Other Medical Conditions
• Somatic Symptom Disorder involves excessive thoughts and feelings about physical symptoms

Dissociative Disorders

• Characterized by a disconnection between thoughts, feelings, and experiences
• Includes Dissociative Amnesia, Dissociative Fugue, Depersonalization Disorder, and Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID)
• DID involves the presence of multiple identities or personalities

Mood Disorders and Suicide

• Mood disorders, particularly depression, are a significant risk factor for suicide
• Warning signs for suicide include expressing feelings of hopelessness or helplessness, changes in sleep or appetite, withdrawal from social activities, talking about suicide or death, and engaging in risky behaviors.

Eating Disorders

• Abnormal eating habits affecting physical and emotional health
• Anorexia Nervosa:
  • Restrictive eating
  • Significant weight loss
  • Distorted body image
• Bulimia Nervosa:
  • Recurring episodes of binge eating
  • Followed by purging or compensatory behaviors
• Binge Eating Disorder:
  • Recurring episodes of binge eating
  • Without purging or compensatory behaviors
• Other Specified Feeding or Eating Disorder (OSFED):
  • Eating disorders not meeting criteria for anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, or binge eating disorder
• Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder (ARFID):
  • Lack of interest in eating or food
  • Leading to inadequate nutrition

Sleep Disorders

• Disturbances in sleep patterns affecting physical and emotional health
• Insomnia Disorder:
  • Difficulty initiating or maintaining sleep, or both
• Hypersomnolence Disorder:
  • Excessive sleepiness, regardless of the amount of sleep obtained
• Narcolepsy:
  • Excessive daytime sleepiness
  • Often accompanied by cataplexy (sudden loss of muscle tone)
• Obstructive Sleep Apnea Hypopnea:
  • Recurring episodes of paused or shallow breathing during sleep
• Sleep-Wake Disorders:
  • Disorders affecting the sleep-wake cycle, such as jet lag or shift work sleep disorder

Sexual Dysfunctions

• Difficulties with sexual response, desire, or pain
• Sexual Desire Disorders:
  • Hypoactive sexual desire disorder (low sexual desire)
  • Sexual aversion disorder (avoidance of sexual activity)
• Sexual Arousal Disorders:
  • Female sexual arousal disorder (difficulty achieving or maintaining arousal)
  • Erectile disorder (difficulty achieving or maintaining an erection)
• Orgasmic Disorders:
  • Female orgasmic disorder (difficulty achieving orgasm)
  • Premature ejaculation
• Sexual Pain Disorders:
  • Dyspareunia (pain during sexual intercourse)
  • Vaginismus (painful spasms of the vaginal muscles)

Paraphilic Disorders and Gender Dysphoria

• Paraphilic Disorders:
  • Abnormal sexual desires or behaviors
  • Examples: pedophilic disorder (sexual attraction to children), exhibitionistic disorder (exposing one's genitals to others)
• Gender Dysphoria:
  • Distress and discomfort with one's assigned gender
  • Types: gender dysphoria in children and gender dysphoria in adolescents and adults

Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders

• Dependence on substances or repetitive behaviors
• Substance Use Disorders:
  • Dependence on or addiction to substances such as alcohol, opioids, or stimulants
• Addictive Disorders:
  • Behavioral addictions, such as gambling disorder

Impulse Control Disorders

• Difficulty resisting impulsive behaviors
• Intermittent Explosive Disorder:
  • Recurring episodes of impulsive aggression
• Conduct Disorder:
  • Repetitive and persistent behavior that violates the rights of others or breaks rules
• Oppositional Defiant Disorder:
  • Negative and hostile behavior towards authority figures
• Pyromania:
  • Recurring episodes of fire setting
• Kleptomania:
  • Recurring episodes of theft

Anxiety Disorders

• Characterized by excessive and persistent worry, fear, or anxiety that interferes with daily life
• Types include:
  • Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD): excessive worry about everyday things
  • Panic Disorder: recurring panic attacks
  • Social Anxiety Disorder: fear of social or performance situations
  • Specific Phobias: fear of specific objects or situations
  • Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD): recurring, intrusive thoughts and compulsions to perform rituals

Mood Disorders

• Characterized by disturbances in emotional mood or emotional regulation
• Types include:
  • Major Depressive Disorder (MDD): persistent feelings of sadness, hopelessness, and loss of interest in activities
  • Bipolar Disorder: alternating episodes of mania and depression
  • Cyclothymic Disorder: recurring episodes of hypomania and depression
  • Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD): depression during winter months due to lack of sunlight

Personality Disorders

• Characterized by long-standing patterns of thought, feeling, and behavior that deviate from cultural norms
• Types include:
  • Paranoid Personality Disorder: distrust and suspiciousness of others
  • Schizoid Personality Disorder: detachment from social relationships
  • Antisocial Personality Disorder: disregard for others' rights and feelings
  • Borderline Personality Disorder: unstable relationships, emotions, and self-image

Trauma and Stressor-related Disorders

• Characterized by exposure to traumatic or stressful events
• Types include:
  • Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD): symptoms following traumatic event
  • Acute Stress Disorder: symptoms following traumatic event, lasting less than a month
  • Adjustment Disorder: symptoms following stressful event, lasting less than six months

Neurodevelopmental Disorders

• Characterized by impairments in cognitive, social, or emotional functioning
• Types include:
  • Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): difficulty with attention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity
  • Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD): difficulties with social interaction, communication, and repetitive behaviors
  • Intellectual Disability: significant impairment in cognitive functioning

Eating and Sleep Disorders

• Characterized by disturbances in eating or sleep patterns
• Types include:
  • Anorexia Nervosa: restriction of food intake, leading to significantly low weight
  • Bulimia Nervosa: recurring episodes of binge eating and purging
  • Insomnia Disorder: difficulty initiating or maintaining sleep
  • Narcolepsy: excessive daytime sleepiness and sudden attacks of sleep

Sexual Dysfunctions, Paraphilic Disorders, and Gender Dysphoria

• Characterized by disturbances in sexual function or preference
• Types include:
  • Sexual Dysfunctions: difficulties with sexual response, desire, or pain
  • Paraphilic Disorders: abnormal sexual desires, such as pedophilia or voyeurism
  • Gender Dysphoria: distress due to incongruence between gender identity and biological sex

Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders

• Characterized by problematic use of substances or behaviors
• Types include:
  • Substance Use Disorders: dependence on or abuse of substances, such as drugs or alcohol
  • Gambling Disorder: recurrent and problematic gambling behavior
  • Internet Gaming Disorder: excessive and compulsive gaming behavior

Impulse Control Disorders

• Characterized by difficulty controlling impulses, leading to harm to oneself or others
• Types include:
  • Intermittent Explosive Disorder: recurrent outbursts of anger and aggression
  • Kleptomania: recurrent and compulsive stealing
  • Pyromania: recurrent and compulsive fire-setting
  • Trichotillomania: recurrent and compulsive hair-pulling

Eating Disorders

• Characterized by abnormal eating habits affecting physical and emotional health
• Four main types: Anorexia Nervosa, Bulimia Nervosa, Binge Eating Disorder, and Other Specified Feeding or Eating Disorder (OSFED)
• Symptoms include restrictive eating patterns, bingeing and purging, excessive exercise, body image distortions, and emotional difficulties

Sleep Disorders

• Characterized by disturbances in sleep patterns
• Five main types: Insomnia Disorder, Hypersomnolence Disorder, Narcolepsy, Obstructive Sleep Apnea Hypopnea, and Restless Leg Syndrome
• Symptoms include difficulty falling or staying asleep, excessive daytime sleepiness, fatigue, and difficulty concentrating

Sexual Dysfunctions

• Characterized by difficulties with sexual response or performance
• Four main types: Sexual Desire Disorders, Sexual Arousal Disorders, Orgasmic Disorders, and Sexual Pain Disorders
• Symptoms include decreased sexual desire, difficulty becoming aroused, difficulty achieving orgasm, and pain during sexual activity

Paraphilic Disorders and Gender Dysphoria

• Paraphilic Disorders characterized by intense, recurring sexual fantasies or behaviors that involve non-consenting individuals or cause distress
• Three main types of Paraphilic Disorders: Pedophilic Disorder, Exhibitionistic Disorder, and Voyeuristic Disorder
• Gender Dysphoria characterized by a sense of discomfort or distress with one's gender
• Symptoms of Gender Dysphoria include incongruence between gender identity and biological sex, and significant distress or impairment

Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders

• Characterized by continued use of substances despite negative consequences
• Two main types: Substance Use Disorders and Addiction
• Symptoms include tolerance, withdrawal, loss of control, and neglecting responsibilities due to substance use

Impulse Control Disorders

• Characterized by difficulty resisting impulses to engage in harmful behaviors
• Four main types: Intermittent Explosive Disorder, Kleptomania, Pyromania, and Pathological Gambling
• Symptoms include impulsive behavior, difficulty resisting impulses, anxiety or tension before engaging in behavior, and relief or pleasure after engaging in behavior

Schizophrenia Spectrum

• Characterized by distorted perception of reality, thought disorders, and abnormal motor behavior
• Includes five disorders:
  • Schizophrenia (chronic and severe mental disorder)
  • Schizotypal Personality Disorder (eccentric behavior and thought patterns)
  • Schizophreniform Disorder (similar to schizophrenia but with shorter duration)
  • Brief Psychotic Disorder (sudden onset of psychotic symptoms lasting less than 1 month)
  • Delusional Disorder (non-bizarre delusions lasting at least 1 month)
  • Catatonic Disorder (motor immobility or excessive motor activity)

Trauma And Stressor-Related Disorders

• Result from exposure to traumatic or stressful events
• Includes four disorders:
  • Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) (symptoms persisting after traumatic event)
  • Acute Stress Disorder (symptoms persisting immediately after traumatic event)
  • Adjustment Disorders (emotional or behavioral symptoms in response to stressor)
  • Reactive Attachment Disorder (difficulty forming and maintaining relationships due to neglect or abuse)

Personality Disorders

• Enduring patterns of thought, emotion, and behavior that deviate from cultural norms
• Divided into three clusters:
  • Cluster A: odd or eccentric behavior
    • Paranoid Personality Disorder
    • Schizoid Personality Disorder
    • Schizotypal Personality Disorder
  • Cluster B: dramatic or emotional behavior
    • Borderline Personality Disorder
    • Histrionic Personality Disorder
    • Narcissistic Personality Disorder
  • Cluster C: anxious or fearful behavior
    • Avoidant Personality Disorder
    • Dependent Personality Disorder
    • Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder

Mood Disorders

• Characterized by disturbances in emotional mood state
• Includes four disorders:
  • Major Depressive Disorder (persistent feelings of sadness and hopelessness)
  • Persistent Depressive Disorder (chronic low mood)
  • Bipolar Disorder (alternating episodes of mania and depression)
  • Cyclothymic Disorder (alternating episodes of hypomania and depression)

Anxiety Disorders

• Characterized by excessive fear, anxiety, or avoidance behaviors
• Includes six disorders:
  • Generalized Anxiety Disorder (excessive worry about everyday things)
  • Panic Disorder (recurrent panic attacks)
  • Social Anxiety Disorder (fear of social or performance situations)
  • Specific Phobia (fear of specific objects or situations)
  • Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (recurring intrusive thoughts and compulsions)
  • Separation Anxiety Disorder (excessive fear of separation from attachment figures)

Impulse Control Disorders

• Characterized by difficulty controlling impulsive behaviors
• Includes six disorders:
  • Intermittent Explosive Disorder (recurrent outbursts of aggression)
  • Conduct Disorder (repetitive behavior violating others' rights)
  • Kleptomania (recurrent stealing)
  • Pyromania (recurrent fire-setting)
  • Trichotillomania (recurrent hair-pulling) +Other Specified and Unspecified Disruptive, Impulse-Control, and Conduct Disorders

Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders

• Characterized by problematic use of substances or addictive behaviors
• Includes eight disorders:
  • Substance Use Disorders (recurrent use of substances despite negative consequences)
  • Gambling Disorder (recurrent and problematic gambling behavior)
  • Internet Gaming Disorder (recurrent and problematic internet gaming behavior)
  • Caffeine Use Disorder
  • Cannabis Use Disorder
  • Hallucinogen Use Disorder
  • Inhalant Use Disorder
  • Opioid Use Disorder

Neurodevelopmental Disorders

• Characterized by impairments in cognitive, social, and emotional development
• Includes five disorders:
  • Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) (difficulties with attention and impulse control)
  • Autism Spectrum Disorder (difficulties with social interaction and communication)
  • Rett Syndrome (severe intellectual disability and physical impairments)
  • Tic Disorders (recurring motor or vocal tics)
  • Other Neurodevelopmental Disorders

Neurocognitive Disorders

• Characterized by cognitive decline due to brain damage or disease
• Includes four disorders:
  • Delirium (sudden onset of confusion and disorientation)
  • Major Neurocognitive Disorder (significant cognitive decline due to disease or injury)
  • Mild Neurocognitive Disorder (mild cognitive decline due to disease or injury)
  • Neurocognitive Disorder due to Traumatic Brain Injury (cognitive decline due to head trauma)