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Questions and Answers
Which of the following is the MOST accurate characterization of mental defense mechanisms according to psychodynamic theory?
Which of the following is the MOST accurate characterization of mental defense mechanisms according to psychodynamic theory?
- Unconscious strategies that distort reality to protect the individual from anxiety, often stemming from childhood experiences. (correct)
- Cognitive processes used to accurately assess and manage stressful situations by focusing on present-day problems.
- Behavioral techniques learned through conditioning to avoid anxiety-provoking stimuli in the environment.
- Conscious strategies employed to directly confront and resolve sources of anxiety through rational analysis.
How did Breuer's approach to treating patients under hypnosis DIFFER from the standard practices of hypnotism at the time, and what key discovery did this lead to?
How did Breuer's approach to treating patients under hypnosis DIFFER from the standard practices of hypnotism at the time, and what key discovery did this lead to?
- Breuer focused on inducing a deep, trance-like state to suppress patient's symptoms, leading to the discovery of the effectiveness of symptom substitution.
- Breuer used hypnosis to directly implant positive affirmations into his patient's minds, leading to the discovery of the power of suggestion.
- Breuer encouraged patients to freely discuss their problems and conflicts in detail while hypnotized, leading to the discovery of the unconscious mind. (correct)
- Breuer utilized hypnosis as means of physically manipulating the patient's body to unblock animal magnetism, leading to the discovery of the placebo effect.
In the context of Freud and Breuer’s work, what is the MOST precise definition of 'catharsis,' and why was it considered a significant component of therapeutic progress?
In the context of Freud and Breuer’s work, what is the MOST precise definition of 'catharsis,' and why was it considered a significant component of therapeutic progress?
- Catharsis describes the release of emotional tension associated with recalling and reliving unconscious traumas; it was significant because it provided immediate symptom relief. (correct)
- Catharsis is the intellectual understanding of the root causes of one's emotional distress, which allows for detachment from past traumas.
- Catharsis refers to the therapist's ability to empathize with the patient, thereby validating the patient's emotional experience.
- Catharsis is the process of reconstructing past events to fit a more positive narrative, thus diminishing the power of past traumas.
What methodological aspect of Breuer's treatment of Anna O. is MOST critical for supporting scientific claims about its therapeutic effectiveness?
What methodological aspect of Breuer's treatment of Anna O. is MOST critical for supporting scientific claims about its therapeutic effectiveness?
How Did Freud's psychoanalytic model expand upon the earlier work of figures like Mesmer, Charcot, and Breuer, particularly in terms of mental structure and conflict?
How Did Freud's psychoanalytic model expand upon the earlier work of figures like Mesmer, Charcot, and Breuer, particularly in terms of mental structure and conflict?
What was the central flaw in Mesmer's theory of "animal magnetism" that Benjamin Franklin's experiment effectively revealed?
What was the central flaw in Mesmer's theory of "animal magnetism" that Benjamin Franklin's experiment effectively revealed?
What critical realization about the nature of psychological disorders did Breuer and Freud come to after observing patients under hypnosis?
What critical realization about the nature of psychological disorders did Breuer and Freud come to after observing patients under hypnosis?
Why is the concept of 'insight' considered crucial within the framework of psychodynamic therapy?
Why is the concept of 'insight' considered crucial within the framework of psychodynamic therapy?
How did Charcot's work with hypnosis contribute to the eventual development of Freud's psychodynamic theory?
How did Charcot's work with hypnosis contribute to the eventual development of Freud's psychodynamic theory?
According to psychodynamic theory, how do unresolved childhood anxieties typically manifest in adulthood?
According to psychodynamic theory, how do unresolved childhood anxieties typically manifest in adulthood?
What is the role of the therapist in addressing a patient's abnormal behavior according to Freud's psychodynamic approach?
What is the role of the therapist in addressing a patient's abnormal behavior according to Freud's psychodynamic approach?
In what fundamental way did Freud's theories build upon the work of Mesmer?
In what fundamental way did Freud's theories build upon the work of Mesmer?
How did Breuer's method of 'talking through' contribute to the development of psychoanalytic theory?
How did Breuer's method of 'talking through' contribute to the development of psychoanalytic theory?
In the treatment of Anna O., what critical element allowed Breuer to draw preliminary conclusions about the treatment's effectiveness even within a single case study?
In the treatment of Anna O., what critical element allowed Breuer to draw preliminary conclusions about the treatment's effectiveness even within a single case study?
How does psychoanalytic differ from behaviorism?
How does psychoanalytic differ from behaviorism?
Flashcards
Psychodynamic Model
Psychodynamic Model
Psychodynamic models view disorders as the result of childhood trauma/anxieties and unconscious conflicts.
Defense Mechanisms
Defense Mechanisms
Ego-protection strategies that shelter the individual from anxiety, operate unconsciously, and distort reality.
Franz Mesmer
Franz Mesmer
His work suggested to his patients that their problem was caused by an undetectable fluid found in all living organisms called “animal magnetism,” which could become blocked.
Hypnosis
Hypnosis
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Jean-Martin Charcot
Jean-Martin Charcot
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The Unconscious Mind
The Unconscious Mind
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Catharsis
Catharsis
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Insight
Insight
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Psychoanalytic Model
Psychoanalytic Model
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Facets of Psychoanalytic Theory
Facets of Psychoanalytic Theory
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Study Notes
- Psychodynamic models view disorders as a result of childhood trauma or anxieties.
- Many childhood-based anxieties operate unconsciously due to repression through mental defense mechanisms.
- Mental defense mechanisms are ego-protection strategies that shelter the individual from anxiety, operate unconsciously, and distort reality.
- Symptoms exhibited are often manifestations of unconscious conflicts that people are unable to understand.
- Sigmund Freud is credited with the early development of psychodynamic theory.
- Freud believed that powerful mental processes could remain hidden from consciousness and cause abnormal behaviors.
- Freud thought the therapist’s role was to help the patient achieve insight into these unconscious processes.
Animal Magnetism and Hypnosis
- Franz Anton Mesmer believed that problems were caused by a blocked, undetectable fluid called “animal magnetism."
- Mesmer influenced patients through suggestion.
- Benjamin Franklin conducted a double-blind experiment disproving animal magnetism, suggesting that patients and therapists were not aware of the treatment.
- Mesmer is considered the father of hypnosis, a state in which suggestible subjects appear to be in a trance
- Jean-Martin Charcot demonstrated the effectiveness of mesmerism techniques for psychological disorders at the Salpêtrière Hospital in Paris.
- Charcot helped to legitimize the practice of hypnosis.
- Sigmund Freud studied with Charcot in 1885.
Breuer, Freud, and the Unconscious Mind
- Josef Breuer used hypnosis to have patients describe their problems, conflicts, and fears in detail.
- Patients became emotional and felt relieved after emerging from the hypnotic state.
- Patients seldom understood the relationship between their emotional problems and disorders and could not recall details described under hypnosis.
- Breuer and Freud "discovered" the unconscious mind and its influence on psychological disorders.
- Recalling and reliving unconscious emotional trauma and releasing the tension is therapeutic, a process known as catharsis.
- A fuller understanding of the relationship between current emotions and earlier events is referred to as insight.
Case Study: Anna O.
- Breuer's case study of Anna O. in 1895 described the treatment of "hysterical" symptoms.
- Anna O. was a young woman who developed blurred vision and difficulty moving her limbs after caring for her terminally ill father.
- Breuer treated each symptom individually using hypnosis and "talking through," tracing each symptom to its causation.
- Her "hysterical" ailments disappeared one at a time after treatment.
- This demonstrates the effects of treatment in an individual case study.
Psychoanalytic Model
- Freud expanded upon these observations and developed the psychoanalytic model.
- This is a comprehensive theory that explains the development and structure of personalities.
- It also explains how this development can go wrong and produce psychological disorders.
- Three Major Facets:
- Structure of the mind and the distinct functions of personality that sometimes clash with one another.
- Defense mechanisms with which the mind defends itself from these clashes, or conflicts.
- Stages of early psychosexual development that contribute to inner conflicts.
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