18 Questions
What is the DSM definition of a mental disorder?
A syndrome characterized by clinically significant disturbances in cognition, emotion regulation, or behavior
Which factor does NOT reflect the DSM-5 definition of a mental disorder?
Normal variation in emotion regulation
What was the primary goal of the DSM's emergence?
To provide a common definition of disorders and promote study of them
What did DSM-II mainly focus on?
Clarifying and changing names of syndromes
Which theory was NOT historically used to explain mental disorders before the DSM?
Neurological disorders
What was the major improvement in the DSM-III compared to its predecessors?
Enhanced reliability and validity based on research efforts
What was one of the concerns leading to the move for DSM-5?
Acknowledging the political aspect of diagnosis
Which DSM revision added consideration of culture to its criteria?
DSM-IV
What is a major change introduced in DSM-5 regarding the structure of diagnoses?
Elimination of axial structure with modifiers for diagnoses
Why is Evidence-Based Practice considered to have significant limitations?
It describes only what is 'average' and not individual variations
Which DSM revision aimed to be empirical and resolve the question of categorical vs. dimensional elements of disorders?
DSM-5
What aspect was emphasized in the DSM-IV revision compared to DSM-III?
Empirical/research intensive revision
What is the main goal of the DSM-5 process according to Kendler et al. (2009)?
To ensure changes are implementable in routine specialty practices
What is a common concern surrounding the DSM-5 as mentioned in the text?
Elimination of existing diagnoses such as Asperger's syndrome
Which factor was NOT a cause for concern regarding the DSM-5 process?
Openness in the decision-making process
What significant change was introduced in the development process of DSM-5 compared to DSM-IV?
Use of working groups and additional disciplines
What impact did some critics fear regarding the DSM-5 regarding mental illness?
Increased prevalence and stigma
How did Kendler et al. suggest changes should be made in the DSM-5?
By using research evidence to maintain good qualities of DSM-IV and improve clinical practice
Study Notes
Psychiatric Diagnosis and the Classification System
- Mental disorders can be difficult to identify and classify, and theories have evolved over the years from demon possession to humoral imbalance, sociocultural factors, and neurological/medical disorders.
Definition of Mental Disorder
- A mental disorder is a syndrome characterized by clinically significant disturbance in an individual's cognition, emotion regulation, or behavior that reflects a dysfunction in the psychological, biological, or developmental processes underlying mental functioning.
Goal of the DSM
- The goal of the DSM is to provide a clear, common definition of disorders, foster communication among disciplines, promote the study of disorders, clarify treatment options, and inform payment structures.
Emergence of the DSM
- The DSM has evolved over the years, from DSM-I (1952) to DSM-5, with changes aimed at improving reliability, validity, and cultural consideration.
Concerns Leading to DSM-5
- Concerns leading to the development of DSM-5 include the need to acknowledge political aspects of diagnosis, resolve categorical vs. dimensional elements of disorders, and address the medicalization of diagnosis.
Evidence-Based Practice
- Evidence-based practice aims to identify best practices, but it has limitations, as it only describes what is "average" and does not account for individual variations.
DSM-5 Process
- The DSM-5 process aimed to create a manual that is usable by clinicians, guided by research evidence, and maintains continuity with previous editions while making revisions for better clinical practice.
Criticisms of DSM-5
- The DSM-5 process has been criticized for its potential to add millions of people to the rolls of those with mental illness, raising concerns about stigma, excessive prevalence, and cultural insensitivity.
Explore the concept of psychiatric diagnosis, classification systems, and the evolution of theories regarding mental disorders. Topics include demon possession, humoral imbalance, sociocultural factors, and neurological/medical disorders according to Bonder's 'Psychopathology and Function, Sixth Edition'.
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