Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is classical conditioning?
What is classical conditioning?
What is an unconditioned stimulus (UCS)?
What is an unconditioned stimulus (UCS)?
A stimulus that naturally triggers an unconditioned response.
Define neutral stimulus in classical conditioning.
Define neutral stimulus in classical conditioning.
A stimulus that has no natural relationship to an innate response but eventually elicits a response.
What is the unconditioned response (UCR)?
What is the unconditioned response (UCR)?
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What does conditioned stimulus (CS) refer to?
What does conditioned stimulus (CS) refer to?
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What is a conditioned response (CR)?
What is a conditioned response (CR)?
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What is acquisition in classical conditioning?
What is acquisition in classical conditioning?
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Explain second-order conditioning.
Explain second-order conditioning.
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What is extinction in classical conditioning?
What is extinction in classical conditioning?
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What is spontaneous recovery?
What is spontaneous recovery?
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Define renewal in the context of classical conditioning.
Define renewal in the context of classical conditioning.
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Describe generalization in classical conditioning.
Describe generalization in classical conditioning.
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What does discrimination mean in classical conditioning?
What does discrimination mean in classical conditioning?
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What is the functionalist perspective on learning?
What is the functionalist perspective on learning?
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Study Notes
Classical Conditioning
- Founded by Ivan Pavlov, classical conditioning is a form of associative learning.
- Involves pairing a neutral stimulus (Conditioned Stimulus, CS) with an unconditioned stimulus (Unconditioned Stimulus, UCS) to elicit an unconditioned response (UCR).
- The UCS naturally triggers the UCR without prior conditioning, while the CS eventually elicits the same response after association.
Key Components
- Neutral Stimulus: Initially does not provoke a response; can become a CS through conditioning (e.g., tone paired with a puff of air causing eye-blink).
- Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS): Stimulus that evokes a natural response (e.g., food causing salivation).
- Unconditioned Response (UCR): Natural reflexive response to the UCS (e.g., salivation in response to food).
Conditioning Process
- Conditioned Stimulus (CS): Previously neutral stimulus that, after conditioning, elicits the UCR.
- Conditioned Response (CR): Response elicited by the CS after conditioning, which is originally the UCR.
- Acquisition: The process of developing a CR through repeated pairings of CS and UCS.
Advanced Concepts
- Second-order Conditioning: Conditioning a second neutral stimulus to elicit a response by using a previously conditioned stimulus (e.g., a bell after a tone).
Extinction and Recovery
- Extinction: Gradual reduction of a conditioned response when the CS is presented without the UCS.
- Spontaneous Recovery: Reemergence of an extinguished CR after a rest period; weaker than before.
- Renewal: Recovery of an extinguished CR when the subject is placed in a new context where the CS is presented again.
Additional Phenomena
- Generalization: When a CR occurs in response to stimuli that are similar to the CS.
- Discrimination: Ability to differentiate between similar stimuli; CR occurs to one but not the other.
Functionalist Perspective
- Learning mechanisms, including classical conditioning, are believed to have evolved due to their adaptive functions.
- The functionalist view emphasizes increased survival and reproductive success for organisms utilizing these learning mechanisms.
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Description
Explore the fundamentals of classical conditioning as discovered by Ivan Pavlov. This flashcard quiz delves into the definitions, processes, and limitations of this key psychological learning theory. Test your knowledge and understanding of how stimuli influence behavior.
