PSYC1001: Developmental Psychology Lecture 1
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary focus of Developmental Psychology?

  • Identifying and explaining changes in individuals from conception to death (correct)
  • Analyzing cognitive development in animals
  • Studying social psychology
  • Understanding adult behavior

    • Which of the following is NOT an area of change studied in Developmental Psychology?

  • Astronomy (correct)
  • Physical growth
  • Social behavior
  • Emotional expression

    • What is one of the big questions asked by developmental psychologists?

  • What is the purpose of life?
  • How does language develop?
  • How do humans evolve?
  • What does the world look like to the newborn? (correct)

    • What is the topic of Lecture 2 in the Developmental Psychology series?

    <p>The importance of the early environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a challenge faced by developmental researchers?

    <p>Difficulty interpreting children's behavior in an experimental context</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the focus of Lecture 5 in the Developmental Psychology series?

    <p>Motivation, achievement, and how to talk to children</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an area of change studied in Developmental Psychology?

    <p>Personality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary method used by developmental psychologists to study development?

    <p>Experiments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of intervening to help children at risk for self-regulation problems?

    <p>To identify effective strategies to support children's development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When interpreting children's behavior, what question is essential to consider?

    <p>Where does the behavior originate?</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of developmental research, what is a key consideration when designing a study?

    <p>The balance between internal and external validity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the delayed gratification task primarily measuring?

    <p>Children's self-regulation skills</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two primary sources of children's behavior, according to the content?

    <p>Biological/Maturation and Experience factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When designing a study to investigate the influence of watching aggressive models on aggression in children, what is a crucial consideration?

    <p>The method of observing and measuring aggression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do children seem to be so attached to their mothers and fearful of strangers?

    <p>Because they have a limited ability to self-regulate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of self-regulation according to developmental psychologists?

    <p>To prioritize goal-relevant information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key feature of human development that allows for cultural diversity and change over time?

    <p>The prolonged period of helplessness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between babies and adults according to developmental psychologists?

    <p>Babies are more dependent on others</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key area of change in developmental psychology?

    <p>From external regulation to self-regulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do children take so long to develop self-regulation according to developmental psychologists?

    <p>Because they need to learn before they can prioritize goals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the primary ways that developmental psychologists study development?

    <p>By reverse engineering the way the world is now</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key aspect of children's thinking and learning according to developmental psychologists?

    <p>They are active and sophisticated in their learning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of a cross-sectional design in developmental research?

    <p>Data can be collected over a wide age range in a short time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a limitation of the cross-sectional approach in developmental research?

    <p>It yields no information about past determinants of age-related changes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a problem that can arise in longitudinal studies due to subjects dropping out over time?

    <p>Selective attrition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential issue with using adult tests to study children in developmental research?

    <p>The tests may not be valid or reliable for children.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential issue with cross-sectional designs due to the different birth years of each age group?

    <p>Cohort variation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between cross-sectional and longitudinal designs in developmental research?

    <p>The length of time over which the study takes place</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a limitation of the longitudinal design?

    <p>It is subject to subject loss and selective attrition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an advantage of the longitudinal-sequential design?

    <p>It reveals cultural/historical effects through time-lagged comparisons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of the cross-sectional design?

    <p>It compares different groups of children at each age</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a disadvantage of the longitudinal design?

    <p>It is inflexible and stuck with the initial sample and measures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a benefit of the longitudinal design?

    <p>It provides extensive information about how individuals develop</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a challenge faced by researchers using the longitudinal design?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of the longitudinal-sequential design?

    <p>It combines cross-sectional and longitudinal elements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a limitation of the longitudinal-sequential design?

    <p>It is subject to subject loss and selective attrition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Developmental Psychology: Introduction and Research Methods

    • Developmental psychology is the discipline that seeks to identify and explain the changes that individuals undergo from conception to death.
    • It explores changes in physical growth, motor skills, sensation, perception, cognitive ability, emotional expression, social behavior, and personality.

    Background

    • Developmental psychologists ask questions like:
      • What does the world look like to the newborn?
      • How does perception change with age?
      • Why are some people friendly and outgoing whereas others are shy and reserved?
    • Developmental psychology explores the transformation from dependence to independence, and how this process takes so long.

    Interpreting Children's Behavior

    • When interpreting children's behavior, it's essential to consider where the behavior originates and whether it's normal.
    • The delayed gratification task measures self-regulation and its development.

    Sources of Behavior

    • Biological/maturational factors (nature) and experience (nurture) contribute to children's behavior.

    Developmental Research: Methodological Considerations and Design Issues

    • Developmental research must consider methodological issues like:
      • Sampling bias
      • Observer effects
      • Selective attrition (in longitudinal studies)
      • Practice effects (in repeated measures)
      • Validity and reliability of tests
    • Research designs in developmental psychology include:
      • Cross-sectional design: Studies different subjects at different ages.
      • Longitudinal design: Studies the same subjects at multiple ages.
      • Longitudinal-sequential design: Combines cross-sectional and longitudinal approaches.

    Research Designs: Advantages and Disadvantages

    • Cross-sectional design:
      • Advantages: Data can be collected over a wide age range in a short time.
      • Disadvantages: No information about past determinants of age-related changes; problem of cohort variation; does not yield information about individual development.
    • Longitudinal design:
      • Advantages: Provides extensive information about individual development.
      • Disadvantages: Time-consuming and costly; subject loss (selective attrition); cross-generational change; inflexibility.
    • Longitudinal-sequential design:
      • Advantages: More efficient than longitudinal design; reveals cultural/historical effects.
      • Disadvantages: Combines the limitations of cross-sectional and longitudinal designs.

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    Related Documents

    PSYC1001 Developmental Psychology Lecture 1 2024 PDF

    Description

    Introduction to Developmental Psychology, covering research methods and the importance of early environment in shaping life. This lecture sets the foundation for the course.

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