7 Developmental Psychology
69 Questions
9 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What type of morality involves adopting parents' moral standards?

  • Universal ethical principles morality
  • Conventional morality (correct)
  • Social contract morality
  • Postconventional morality

    • What is the primary focus of stage 4 of moral development?

  • Understanding social order and laws (correct)
  • Evaluating laws based on utility
  • Personal relationships and expectations
  • Developing universal human rights

    • What is the term for the process of examining and evaluating one's life during late adulthood?

  • Activity theory
  • Life review (correct)
  • Social world theory
  • Adjusting to death

    • According to Elisabeth Kübler-Ross, what is the final stage of facing impending death?

    <p>Acceptance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the period when people may begin to question their lives during social development?

    <p>Midlife transition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of parental divorce on children's relationships later in life?

    <p>They are less likely to establish close relationships</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the study of the pattern of change that begins from conception and continues throughout the lifespan?

    <p>Developmental psychology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which period does the fertilized egg develop a heart, brain, and other organs?

    <p>Embryonic period</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the point at which a fetus can survive if born prematurely?

    <p>Age of viability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for environmental agents that produce birth defects?

    <p>Teratogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for unlearned, involuntary responses that occur automatically in the presence of certain stimuli?

    <p>Reflexes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the stage of cognitive development characterized by symbolic thought, language development, and egocentric thought?

    <p>Preoperational stage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process by which a child’s understanding of the world changes as a function of age and experience?

    <p>Cognitive development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the stage of cognitive development characterized by concrete and logical thought?

    <p>Concrete operational stage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the awareness that objects continue to exist even if they are out of sight?

    <p>Object permanence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process by which a child adds new knowledge to their existing schemas?

    <p>Assimilation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the gap between what children can accomplish on their own and what they are not quite ready to do by themselves?

    <p>Zone of proximal development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of the formal operational stage?

    <p>Abstract, idealistic, and logical thought</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the theory that suggests that moral development occurs in a three-level, six-stage sequence?

    <p>Kohlberg's theory of moral development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the positive emotional bond that develops between a child and a particular individual?

    <p>Attachment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Vygotsky, what is the primary way that cognitive development occurs?

    <p>Through social interactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the type of intelligence that shows decline in late adulthood?

    <p>Fluid intelligence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the behavior that takes place during a critical period and involves attachment to the first moving object observed?

    <p>Imprinting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the state of self-absorption in which a teenager views the world from their own point of view?

    <p>Adolescent egocentrism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the study that compared the attachment of children to a wire monkey and a cloth monkey?

    <p>Harry Harlow's study</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the type of intelligence that remains steady and in some cases improves in late adulthood?

    <p>Crystallized intelligence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of stage 5 of moral development?

    <p>Laws are social contracts created by humans and should be evaluated based on their utility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of single-parent households on children?

    <p>Children may blame themselves, or feel pressure to take sides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of the activity theory of aging?

    <p>To maintain the interests and activities of earlier stages of life</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the stage of moral development characterized by mutual interpersonal expectations and relationships?

    <p>Stage 3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of stage 4 of moral development?

    <p>Understanding social order, law, and justice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the period when people may begin to question their lives during social development?

    <p>Midlife transition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the stage of moral development characterized by moral standards based on universal human rights?

    <p>Stage 6</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of single-parent households on the economy?

    <p>Economically worse off</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process of examining and evaluating one's life during late adulthood?

    <p>Life review</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of postconventional morality?

    <p>Using own standards to judge right and wrong</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of the social contract or utility and individual rights stage of moral development?

    <p>Evaluating laws based on their utility or contribution to the greater good</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common consequence for children whose parents get divorced?

    <p>Difficulty in establishing close relationships later in life</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process of examining and evaluating one's life during late adulthood?

    <p>Life review</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of the activity theory of aging?

    <p>To promote successful aging by maintaining interests and activities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of postconventional morality?

    <p>Using own standards to judge right and wrong</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary consequence of single-parent households on the economy?

    <p>Economic difficulties</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the period when people may begin to question their lives during social development?

    <p>Midlife crisis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of stage 3 of moral development?

    <p>Mutual interpersonal expectations and relationships</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the five stages of facing impending death suggested by Elisabeth Kübler-Ross?

    <p>Denial, anger, bargaining, depression, acceptance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common consequence for single-parent households?

    <p>Economic difficulties</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of young adults during the Isolation stage of Erikson's theory?

    <p>To form deep connections with others</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outcome of successfully resolving the Integrity vs. Despair stage of Erikson's theory?

    <p>Wisdom and a sense of closure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of adults during the Generativity vs. Stagnation stage of Erikson's theory?

    <p>Contributing to society and future generations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of failing to resolve the Isolation stage of Erikson's theory?

    <p>Feelings of isolation and disconnection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the emphasis of Erikson's theory?

    <p>The importance of successfully resolving each stage's crisis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which stage of Erikson's psychosocial development do children explore their environment and start taking initiative in play and social interactions?

    <p>Initiative vs. Guilt</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outcome when children succeed in the 'Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt' stage?

    <p>They experience feelings of autonomy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which stage do adolescents focus on developing a sense of identity and self-concept?

    <p>Identity vs. Role Confusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outcome when children fail to develop a sense of autonomy during the 'Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt' stage?

    <p>They feel ashamed and doubtful</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of the 'Industry vs. Inferiority' stage?

    <p>Engaging in tasks that require persistence and skill development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which stage do infants learn to trust caregivers to meet their basic needs?

    <p>Trust vs. Mistrust</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key characteristic of authoritative parents?

    <p>They are responsive to their children's emotional needs and set clear rules.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of parenting style is associated with positive outcomes such as high self-esteem, self-discipline, and social competence in children?

    <p>Authoritative</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outcome of children raised in authoritarian households?

    <p>They struggle with self-esteem, social skills, and independence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of permissive parents?

    <p>They are lenient and indulgent, setting few rules and boundaries.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of uninvolved parents?

    <p>They are low in both responsiveness and demandingness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outcome of children raised in permissive environments?

    <p>They struggle with self-regulation, decision-making, and following rules.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first stage individuals may experience when facing impending death?

    <p>Denial</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the bargaining stage, individuals may try to negotiate with:

    <p>A higher power or themselves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During the depression stage, individuals may experience feelings of:

    <p>Deep sadness, grief, and despair</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the final stage of facing impending death?

    <p>Acceptance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what stage do individuals direct their anger towards?

    <p>Both A and B</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of denial in the face of impending death?

    <p>To protect oneself from the harsh reality of death</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Cognitive Development

    • Children are able to do concrete operations in the concrete operational stage (7-12 years old) and abstract, idealistic, and logical thought in the formal operational stage (12+ years old)
    • Vygotsky's view of cognitive development emphasizes the role of culture and social interactions in shaping cognitive development
    • Zone of proximal development (ZPD): the gap between what children can accomplish alone and what they can accomplish with the guidance of others
    • Scaffolding: providing support for learning to help children reach their ZPD
    • Adolescent egocentrism: a state of self-absorption in which teenagers view the world from their own perspective
    • Imaginary audience: the belief that everybody is looking at them
    • Personal fables: the belief that one's experience is unique, exceptional, and shared by no one else

    Psychosocial Development

    • Erikson's theory of psychosocial development: the development of individuals' interactions and understanding of each other and of themselves as members of society
    • Eight stages of psychosocial development, from infancy to late adulthood

    Attachment

    • Attachment: a positive emotional bond that develops between a child and a particular individual
    • Imprinting: a behavior that takes place during a critical period and involves attachment to the first moving object observed
    • Harry Harlow's study on attachment: wire monkey versus cloth monkey
    • Assessing attachment: the Ainsworth strange situation (involving a child and caregiver, typically the mother)
    • Types of attachment: secure, avoidant, resistant (ambivalent), and disorganized-disoriented

    Moral and Cognitive Development

    • Kohlberg's theory of moral development: a three-level, six-stage sequence of moral reasoning development
    • Preconventional morality: judging right and wrong based on probability of rewards and punishments
    • Conventional morality: judging right and wrong based on social norms and expectations
    • Postconventional morality: judging right and wrong based on individual principles and values### Developmental Psychology
    • Developmental psychology: study of the pattern of change that starts from conception and continues throughout the lifespan

    The Earliest Development

    • Zygote: new cell formed by the union of an egg and sperm
    • Germinal period: first 2 weeks after conception
    • Embryo: developed zygote that has a heart, a brain, and other organs
    • Embryonic period: 2 weeks after conception until organs are clearly recognizable
    • Fetus: developing individual from 8 weeks after conception until birth
    • Fetal period: from 8 weeks after conception until birth
    • Age of viability: point at which a fetus can survive if born prematurely (22 weeks)

    Prenatal Environmental Influences

    • Sensitive periods: times when organisms are susceptible to certain kinds of stimuli
    • Teratogens: environmental agents that produce a birth defect
    • Examples of teratogens:
      • Mother's nutrition
      • Mother's illness
      • Mother's emotional state
      • Mother's drug use
      • Mother's age
      • Incompatible blood types
      • Paternal factors

    The Extraordinary Newborn

    • Neonate: newborn child
    • Reflexes: unlearned, involuntary responses that occur automatically in the presence of certain stimuli
    • Examples of reflexes:
      • Rooting reflex
      • Sucking reflex
      • Gag reflex
      • Startle reflex
      • Babinski reflex

    Motor Development Milestones

    • Physical development:
      • Children gain triple their birth weight during the first year of life
      • Increase in height by half during the first year of life
      • From age 3 to adolescence, average growth of 5 pounds (2.3 kg) and 3 inches (7.6 cm) per year

    Physical Development: The Changing Adolescent

    • Adolescence: developmental stage between childhood and adulthood
    • Puberty: period at which maturation of the sexual organs occurs
    • Onset of puberty:
      • 11 or 12 years for girls
      • 13 or 14 years for boys

    Cognitive Development: Children's Thinking About the World

    • Process by which a child's understanding of the world changes as a function of age and experience
    • Important processes and concepts:
      • Organization: tendency in human beings
      • Schemas: actions or mental representations that organize knowledge
      • Assimilation: adding new knowledge to schemas
      • Accommodation: adding new knowledge that requires changing schemas
      • Equilibrium: state of balance between pre-existing schema and environment

    Piaget's Theory of Cognitive Development

    • Sensorimotor stage: stage from birth to 2 years, during which a child constructs their understanding of the world through coordinating sensory experiences and motor movements
    • Object permanence: awareness that objects continue to exist even if they are out of sight
    • Preoperational stage: period from 2 to 7 years of age, characterized by symbolic thought, language development, and egocentric thought
    • Egocentric thought: way of thinking in which a child views the world entirely from their own perspective
    • Principle of conservation: knowledge that quantity is unrelated to the arrangement and physical appearance of objects
    • Concrete operational stage: period from 7 to 12 years of age, characterized by concrete and logical thought
    • Formal operational stage: period from age 12 to adulthood, characterized by abstract, idealistic, and logical thought

    Vygotsky's View of Cognitive Development

    • Cognitive development occurs as a consequence of social interactions in which children work with others to jointly solve problems
    • Zone of proximal development (ZPD): gap between what children already are able to accomplish on their own and what they are not quite ready to do by themselves
    • Scaffolding: provides support for learning

    Erikson's Theory of Psychosocial Development

    • Psychosocial development: development of individuals' interactions and understanding of each other and of their knowledge and understanding of themselves as members of society
    • Eight stages of psychosocial development:
      • Trust vs. Mistrust (Infancy, 0-1 year)
      • Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt (Early Childhood, 1-3 years)
      • Initiative vs. Guilt (Preschool, 3-5 years)
      • Industry vs. Inferiority (School Age, 6-11 years)
      • Identity vs. Role Confusion (Adolescence, 12-18 years)
      • Intimacy vs. Isolation (Young Adulthood, 19-40 years)
      • Generativity vs. Stagnation (Middle Adulthood, 40-65 years)
      • Integrity vs. Despair (Late Adulthood, 65+ years)

    Parenting Styles

    • Four main types of parenting styles:
      • Authoritative
      • Authoritarian
      • Permissive
      • Uninvolved

    Facing Impending Death

    • Five stages of facing impending death:
      • Denial
      • Anger
      • Bargaining
      • Depression
      • Acceptance

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Related Documents

    Developmental Psychology PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge of developmental psychology, from conception to the embryonic period. Learn about the zygote, embryo, and organ development during the earliest stages of life.

    More Like This

    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser