44 Questions
Feldman-Barrett theory claims that emotions are organized along three dimensions: pleasant-unpleasant, activation-deactivation, and reward-punishment.
False
The amygdala is involved in emotional memory, especially fear learning and recognizing fear.
True
Lesions in the insula do not affect disgust perception.
False
The orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) computes the current value of a stimulus based on past experiences.
True
The anterior cingulate is involved in monitoring bodily responses to emotions but not error monitoring.
False
The ventral striatum is involved in punishment-related responses.
False
Kluver-Bucy syndrome is characterized by increased emotional reactivity to objects.
False
Paul Ekman's work focused on expression, gesture, and deception, but not emotion.
False
Emotions are not associated with stimuli that are punishing.
False
Darwin claimed that human emotions are completely different from their animal counterparts.
False
According to the James-Lange Theory, emotions come before bodily expressions.
False
The Cannon-Bard Theory states that bodily responses occur before the emotion itself.
False
The Papez Circuit is responsible for differentiating between different emotions.
False
The hippocampus is a primary region for emotions.
False
Emotions are not critical for guiding social behavior.
False
Group living is not survivally advantageous.
False
The simulation theory is used to understand others' emotions and actions by directly asking them.
False
Facial identity is primarily processed in the superior temporal sulcus.
False
The theory-of-mind is the ability to appreciate others' points of view and share their experiences.
False
Eye gaze information is only important for group communication.
False
The mirror system is a neural circuit that only processes self-related information.
False
Patients with Capgras syndrome are unable to recognize the person they are looking at.
False
Emotions are not involved in guiding social behavior.
False
The James-Lange Theory states that emotions come before bodily expressions.
False
Darwin claimed that human emotions are unique and unrelated to their animal counterparts.
False
The Papez Circuit is responsible for differentiating between different emotions.
False
Group living is not survivally advantageous.
False
Emotions are only associated with stimuli that are rewarding.
False
The Cannon-Bard Theory states that bodily responses occur before the emotion itself.
False
Paul Ekman's work focused on emotions, not expression, gesture, and deception.
False
The Feldman-Barrett theory claims that emotions are organized along two dimensions: pleasant-unpleasant and activation-deactivation.
True
The amygdala is primarily involved in memory, especially non-emotional content of memories.
False
Lesions in the insula affect disgust perception more than recognition of other facial expressions.
True
The orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) computes the current value of a stimulus based on past experiences and personal preferences.
True
The anterior cingulate is involved in error monitoring and social aspects of emotions.
True
The ventral striatum is involved in reward-related responses.
True
Kluver-Bucy syndrome is characterized by unusual tameness and emotional blunting.
True
Paul Ekman's work focused on expression, gesture, deception, and emotion.
True
The fusiform face area is primarily involved in expression recognition and gaze processing.
False
Social referencing involves the emotional response of another person leading to a neutral response to a previously neutral stimulus.
False
Eyes are only important for group communication.
False
Empathy is the ability to represent the mental states of others.
False
The mirror system is only involved in understanding others' emotions and actions.
False
Patients with Capgras syndrome are unable to recognize the person's emotions.
False
Study Notes
Emotions
- Emotions are states associated with stimuli that are rewarding or punishing, guiding us on how to behave and what to avoid or seek out.
- Emotions are critical for guiding social behavior, allowing us to mentalize (infer) and mirror (share) others' emotions and mental states.
Theories of Emotion
- Darwin's theory: Human emotions possess continuity with their animal counterparts, with conserved expressions across species.
- James-Lange Theory: Emotion comes after expression, with self-perception of bodily changes producing emotional experience.
- Cannon-Bard Theory: Emotions come before expression, with bodily responses occurring after the emotion itself.
- Papez Circuit and Limbic Brain: The papez circuit involves the cingulate cortex, hippocampus, hypothalamus, and anterior nucleus of the thalamus, while the limbic brain includes the amygdala and orbitofrontal cortex.
Paul Ekman's Basic Emotions
- Dr. Paul Ekman's work on expression and gesture and their role in emotion and deception.
Other Contemporary Approaches
- Feldman-Barrett theory: All emotions tap into a core affect system organized along two dimensions: pleasant-unpleasant and activation-deactivation.
- Rolls theory: A constructionist approach, concerned with the dimensions of reward and punishment, their presence/absence, and intensity.
Neural Substrates
- Amygdala: Involved in memory, especially emotional content of memories; important for fear learning and recognizing fear.
- Insula: Involved in bodily perception, pain and taste perception, and disgust (including moral disgust); monitors the internal state of the body.
- OFC (Orbitofrontal Cortex): Computes the current value of a stimulus, linked to subjective reports of pleasantness.
- Anterior Cingulate: Involved in error monitoring, bodily responses to emotions, and pain, as well as social aspects like empathy and exclusion.
- Ventral Striatum: Dopaminergic pathway involved in reward-related processes, including social rewards.
Reading Faces
- Facial identity: Fusiform face area
- Expression recognition & gaze processing: Superior temporal sulcus
- Expressions also involve the extended system: Amygdala & insula
- Simulation theory: We understand others' emotions and mental states by vicariously producing their current state in ourselves.
Reading Faces (continued)
- Social referencing: The emotional response of another person can lead to avoidance or interaction with a previously neutral stimulus.
- Capgras syndrome: Patients can consciously recognize the person, but lack an emotional response to them, believing they were replaced with body doubles.
Eye Gaze Information
- Eyes inform about emotions, important for one-to-one communication.
- Eye gaze can infer desire (next move).
Reading Minds
- Theory-of-mind: The ability to represent the mental states of others (e.g., beliefs, desires, intentions).
- Empathy: The ability to appreciate others' points of view and share their experiences.
- Mirror system: Neural circuits or regions that disregard the distinction between self and other.
Emotions
- Emotions are states associated with stimuli that are rewarding or punishing, guiding us on how to behave and what to avoid or seek out.
- Emotions are critical for guiding social behavior, allowing us to mentalize (infer) and mirror (share) others' emotions and mental states.
Theories of Emotion
- Darwin's theory: Human emotions possess continuity with their animal counterparts, with conserved expressions across species.
- James-Lange Theory: Emotion comes after expression, with self-perception of bodily changes producing emotional experience.
- Cannon-Bard Theory: Emotions come before expression, with bodily responses occurring after the emotion itself.
- Papez Circuit and Limbic Brain: The papez circuit involves the cingulate cortex, hippocampus, hypothalamus, and anterior nucleus of the thalamus, while the limbic brain includes the amygdala and orbitofrontal cortex.
Paul Ekman's Basic Emotions
- Dr. Paul Ekman's work on expression and gesture and their role in emotion and deception.
Other Contemporary Approaches
- Feldman-Barrett theory: All emotions tap into a core affect system organized along two dimensions: pleasant-unpleasant and activation-deactivation.
- Rolls theory: A constructionist approach, concerned with the dimensions of reward and punishment, their presence/absence, and intensity.
Neural Substrates
- Amygdala: Involved in memory, especially emotional content of memories; important for fear learning and recognizing fear.
- Insula: Involved in bodily perception, pain and taste perception, and disgust (including moral disgust); monitors the internal state of the body.
- OFC (Orbitofrontal Cortex): Computes the current value of a stimulus, linked to subjective reports of pleasantness.
- Anterior Cingulate: Involved in error monitoring, bodily responses to emotions, and pain, as well as social aspects like empathy and exclusion.
- Ventral Striatum: Dopaminergic pathway involved in reward-related processes, including social rewards.
Reading Faces
- Facial identity: Fusiform face area
- Expression recognition & gaze processing: Superior temporal sulcus
- Expressions also involve the extended system: Amygdala & insula
- Simulation theory: We understand others' emotions and mental states by vicariously producing their current state in ourselves.
Reading Faces (continued)
- Social referencing: The emotional response of another person can lead to avoidance or interaction with a previously neutral stimulus.
- Capgras syndrome: Patients can consciously recognize the person, but lack an emotional response to them, believing they were replaced with body doubles.
Eye Gaze Information
- Eyes inform about emotions, important for one-to-one communication.
- Eye gaze can infer desire (next move).
Reading Minds
- Theory-of-mind: The ability to represent the mental states of others (e.g., beliefs, desires, intentions).
- Empathy: The ability to appreciate others' points of view and share their experiences.
- Mirror system: Neural circuits or regions that disregard the distinction between self and other.
This quiz covers the topic of emotions in cognitive neuroscience, including their role in guiding behavior and social interaction. It explores the association of emotions with stimuli and their inherent survival value.
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