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Questions and Answers
What is emotion associated with according to the lecturer Ezgi Palaz?
What do we do with others' emotions and mental states?
Who claimed that human emotions possess continuity with their animal counterparts?
What is the James-Lange Theory centered on?
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What is the Cannon-Bard Theory centered on?
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What does the Papez circuit consist of?
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What is the limbic brain composed of?
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Who is known for his work on basic emotions?
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What is the role of the amygdala in expression recognition?
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According to the simulation theory, how do we understand others?
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What is Capgras syndrome characterized by?
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What can be inferred from eye gaze information?
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What is the key aspect of empathy?
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What is the primary function of the mirror system?
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What is the core affect system organized along according to Feldman-Barrett theory?
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What is the function of the amygdala in the neural substrates?
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What is the Kluver-Bucy syndrome characterized by?
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What is the function of the insula in the neural substrates?
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What is the function of the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) in the neural substrates?
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What is the function of the anterior cingulate in the neural substrates?
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What is the ventral striatum involved in?
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Which theory claims a constructionist approach, concerned with the dimensions of reward and punishment?
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What is the primary function of emotions according to the lecturer?
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What is the main idea of Charles Darwin's theory of emotions?
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Which theory states that emotions come after bodily expressions?
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What is the role of the hypothalamus in emotions according to the Cannon-Bard Theory?
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What is the Papez Circuit composed of?
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What is the main focus of the Limbic Brain?
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Who is known for his work on basic emotions?
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What is crucial for group living according to the lecturer?
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Which brain area is involved in facial identity recognition?
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What is the primary function of social referencing?
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What is the key aspect of the theory-of-mind?
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What is the role of the mirror system in social cognition?
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What is the primary function of the extended system in expression recognition?
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What is a characteristic of Capgras syndrome?
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What is the primary role of the anterior cingulate in emotion?
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What is the function of the insula in emotional processing?
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Which neural substrate is involved in reward processing and empathy?
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What is the core affect system organized along according to Feldman-Barrett theory?
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What is the role of the orbitofrontal cortex in emotion?
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What is the Kluver-Bucy syndrome characterized by?
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Which neural substrate is involved in fear learning and recognizing fear?
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What is the function of the ventral striatum in the neural substrates?
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Study Notes
Emotions
- Emotions are states associated with stimuli that are rewarding or punishing, guiding us on how to behave and what to avoid or seek out.
- Emotions are critical for guiding social behavior, allowing us to mentalize (infer) and mirror (share) others' emotions and mental states.
Theories of Emotion
- Darwin's theory: Human emotions possess continuity with their animal counterparts, with conserved expressions across species.
- James-Lange Theory: Emotion comes after expression, with self-perception of bodily changes producing emotional experience.
- Cannon-Bard Theory: Emotions come before expression, with bodily responses occurring after the emotion itself.
- Papez Circuit and Limbic Brain: The papez circuit involves the cingulate cortex, hippocampus, hypothalamus, and anterior nucleus of the thalamus, while the limbic brain includes the amygdala and orbitofrontal cortex.
Paul Ekman's Basic Emotions
- Dr. Paul Ekman's work on expression and gesture and their role in emotion and deception.
Other Contemporary Approaches
- Feldman-Barrett theory: All emotions tap into a core affect system organized along two dimensions: pleasant-unpleasant and activation-deactivation.
- Rolls theory: A constructionist approach, concerned with the dimensions of reward and punishment, their presence/absence, and intensity.
Neural Substrates
- Amygdala: Involved in memory, especially emotional content of memories; important for fear learning and recognizing fear.
- Insula: Involved in bodily perception, pain and taste perception, and disgust (including moral disgust); monitors the internal state of the body.
- OFC (Orbitofrontal Cortex): Computes the current value of a stimulus, linked to subjective reports of pleasantness.
- Anterior Cingulate: Involved in error monitoring, bodily responses to emotions, and pain, as well as social aspects like empathy and exclusion.
- Ventral Striatum: Dopaminergic pathway involved in reward-related processes, including social rewards.
Reading Faces
- Facial identity: Fusiform face area
- Expression recognition & gaze processing: Superior temporal sulcus
- Expressions also involve the extended system: Amygdala & insula
- Simulation theory: We understand others' emotions and mental states by vicariously producing their current state in ourselves.
Reading Faces (continued)
- Social referencing: The emotional response of another person can lead to avoidance or interaction with a previously neutral stimulus.
- Capgras syndrome: Patients can consciously recognize the person, but lack an emotional response to them, believing they were replaced with body doubles.
Eye Gaze Information
- Eyes inform about emotions, important for one-to-one communication.
- Eye gaze can infer desire (next move).
Reading Minds
- Theory-of-mind: The ability to represent the mental states of others (e.g., beliefs, desires, intentions).
- Empathy: The ability to appreciate others' points of view and share their experiences.
- Mirror system: Neural circuits or regions that disregard the distinction between self and other.
Emotions
- Emotions are states associated with stimuli that are rewarding or punishing, guiding us on how to behave and what to avoid or seek out.
- Emotions are critical for guiding social behavior, allowing us to mentalize (infer) and mirror (share) others' emotions and mental states.
Theories of Emotion
- Darwin's theory: Human emotions possess continuity with their animal counterparts, with conserved expressions across species.
- James-Lange Theory: Emotion comes after expression, with self-perception of bodily changes producing emotional experience.
- Cannon-Bard Theory: Emotions come before expression, with bodily responses occurring after the emotion itself.
- Papez Circuit and Limbic Brain: The papez circuit involves the cingulate cortex, hippocampus, hypothalamus, and anterior nucleus of the thalamus, while the limbic brain includes the amygdala and orbitofrontal cortex.
Paul Ekman's Basic Emotions
- Dr. Paul Ekman's work on expression and gesture and their role in emotion and deception.
Other Contemporary Approaches
- Feldman-Barrett theory: All emotions tap into a core affect system organized along two dimensions: pleasant-unpleasant and activation-deactivation.
- Rolls theory: A constructionist approach, concerned with the dimensions of reward and punishment, their presence/absence, and intensity.
Neural Substrates
- Amygdala: Involved in memory, especially emotional content of memories; important for fear learning and recognizing fear.
- Insula: Involved in bodily perception, pain and taste perception, and disgust (including moral disgust); monitors the internal state of the body.
- OFC (Orbitofrontal Cortex): Computes the current value of a stimulus, linked to subjective reports of pleasantness.
- Anterior Cingulate: Involved in error monitoring, bodily responses to emotions, and pain, as well as social aspects like empathy and exclusion.
- Ventral Striatum: Dopaminergic pathway involved in reward-related processes, including social rewards.
Reading Faces
- Facial identity: Fusiform face area
- Expression recognition & gaze processing: Superior temporal sulcus
- Expressions also involve the extended system: Amygdala & insula
- Simulation theory: We understand others' emotions and mental states by vicariously producing their current state in ourselves.
Reading Faces (continued)
- Social referencing: The emotional response of another person can lead to avoidance or interaction with a previously neutral stimulus.
- Capgras syndrome: Patients can consciously recognize the person, but lack an emotional response to them, believing they were replaced with body doubles.
Eye Gaze Information
- Eyes inform about emotions, important for one-to-one communication.
- Eye gaze can infer desire (next move).
Reading Minds
- Theory-of-mind: The ability to represent the mental states of others (e.g., beliefs, desires, intentions).
- Empathy: The ability to appreciate others' points of view and share their experiences.
- Mirror system: Neural circuits or regions that disregard the distinction between self and other.
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Description
Explore the role of emotions in cognitive neuroscience, including their association with rewarding and punishing stimuli, and their impact on social behavior and decision-making.
