Psyc 101 General Psychology Exam 1
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Questions and Answers

What is a tentative statement about the relationship between two or more variables called?

  • Conclusion
  • Result
  • Hypothesis (correct)
  • Theory
  • Which school of psychology focuses on the function of consciousness and its role in adapting to the environment?

  • Structuralism
  • Behaviorism
  • Humanism
  • Functionalism (correct)
  • What are the chemicals referred to as that are secreted from the terminal button?

  • Neurotransmitters (correct)
  • Neuromodulators
  • Myelin sheath
  • Dendrites
  • In Jim's research, what is the dependent variable?

    <p>Aggressive behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Based on the structure of the animal's eyes, what would you expect?

    <p>Acuity in its eyesight</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the independent variable in Jim's research?

    <p>Television</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of neurotransmitters?

    <p>To transmit signals between neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main focus of Functionalism in psychology?

    <p>The role of consciousness in adapting to the environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the terminal button in neurons?

    <p>To release neurotransmitters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What would be the expected outcome of an animal with only cones in its retinal receptor cells?

    <p>Acuity in its eye sight</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the dendrites in neurons?

    <p>To receive signals from other neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a conclusion drawn from research findings?

    <p>Conclusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the myelin sheath?

    <p>To facilitate neural transmission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of the school of psychology that emphasizes the role of consciousness in adapting to the environment?

    <p>The role of consciousness in adapting to the environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process by which the senses detect and respond to stimuli?

    <p>Sensation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What would be the most likely outcome for an animal with only cones in its retinal receptor cells?

    <p>It would be unable to see fine details</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a tentative statement about the relationship between two or more variables?

    <p>Hypothesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the terminal button in neurons?

    <p>To secrete neurotransmitters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of message is sent from a neuron to another neuron when the previous neuron fires but the second neuron does not fire?

    <p>Inhibitory message</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the range of correlation coefficients that indicate the strength of a relationship between two variables?

    <p>-1.0 to 1.0</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a neurotransmitter?

    <p>Morphine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the space between a terminal button and a dendrite?

    <p>Synaptic cleft</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which school of psychology focuses on observable behavior?

    <p>Behaviorism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the largest part of the brain?

    <p>Forebrain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a statement that predicts the relationship between two variables?

    <p>Hypothesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the ability to infer a cause-and-effect relationship between two variables?

    <p>Experimental research method</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a step in the scientific investigation?

    <p>Formulate a testable hypothesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correlation coefficient that indicates no relationship between two variables?

    <p>0.0</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the type of procedure in which neither the researcher nor the participants know who is receiving the treatment or the placebo?

    <p>Double-blind procedure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the sympathetic nervous system?

    <p>To mobilize the body for tremendous energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the measurable conditions or events that are controlled or observed by the researcher in a study?

    <p>Variables</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the type of study that involves observing behaviors of subjects in their natural environment without intervening directly?

    <p>Naturalistic observation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the neurotransmitter that helps suppress pain?

    <p>Endorphins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the junction where information is transmitted from one neuron to the next neuron?

    <p>Synapse</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the study of the mind involving the organism's behavior and mental processes?

    <p>Psychology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the type of assignment in which subjects have an equal chance of being in either the control or experimental group?

    <p>Random assignment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the chemicals referred to as that are secreted by the terminal button?

    <p>Neurotransmitters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for an in-depth investigation of an individual subject that uses interviewing, observation, research of records, and psychological testing?

    <p>Case study</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Research Methods in Psychology

    • Hypothesis: A tentative statement about the relationship between two or more variables.
    • Dependent Variable: The outcome measured in a study; for example, aggressive behavior in Jim's television research.
    • Control Group: Participants who receive a placebo in drug studies to compare against those receiving the actual treatment.

    Schools of Thought in Psychology

    • Functionalism: Focuses on the purpose of consciousness and behavior's role in adapting to the environment.
    • Behaviorism: Emphasizes observable behavior over internal processes; agrees that psychology should study behavior objectively.

    Neurotransmitters and Neurons

    • Neurotransmitters: Chemicals secreted from terminal buttons that transmit messages between neurons.
    • Excitatory and Inhibitory Messages: Neurons can give messages that either encourage (excitatory) or discourage (inhibitory) firing of the next neuron.
    • Action Potential: A brief electrical charge that travels down a neuron when activated.

    Sensory Systems

    • Visual System: Involves receptors that trigger signals processed into vision; includes cones (for color detection) but lacks rods (for low-light vision).
    • Hearing Process: Sound waves are transmitted through the ear's structures (hammer, anvil, stirrup) to the brain.
    • Touch, Taste, and Smell: Each employs different receptors, with smell directly processing signals to the cortex without passing through the thalamus.

    Experimental and Correlational Research

    • Correlation Coefficient: Ranges from -1.0 to +1.0, indicating strength and direction of relationships between variables.
    • Double-Blind Procedure: A research design where neither the participants nor the experimenters know who receives the treatment versus the placebo.
    • Random Assignment: Each participant has an equal chance of being placed in any group to ensure validity in experimental designs.

    Neuroanatomy and Brain Functions

    • Forebrain: Largest part of the brain, includes the thalamus, hypothalamus, limbic system, and cerebrum.
    • Neurological Cells: Include neurons, which transmit information, and glia, which support and protect neurons.

    Theories and Concepts in Psychology

    • Opponent Process Theory: Suggests that color receptors are linked in pairs; activation of one inhibits the other.
    • Adaptation: The process by which an individual becomes desensitized to constant stimuli, like noise from airplanes.

    General Concepts

    • Sensation vs. Perception: Sensation refers to the activation of sensory receptors, while perception is the interpretation of those sensations.
    • Self-Fulfillment Perspective: The belief that all people are capable of realizing their potential, aligning with humanistic psychology.
    • Pain as Perception: Recognized as a subjective experience rather than a concrete event, highlighting the mind's role in interpreting pain.

    Types of Psychological Research

    • Case Study: An extensive examination of a single subject involving multiple research methods.
    • Variables: Any measurable conditions observed or manipulated in research.
    • Psychological Fields: Encompasses various subfields, including clinical, cognitive, and developmental psychology.

    Key Terminology

    • Soma, Dendrites, Axon: Essential parts of a neuron involved in processing and transmitting information.
    • Synapse: The junction where communication occurs between neurons through chemical signals.

    These notes encompass key facts and concepts from basic psychology, providing an overview of essential topics for understanding foundational principles in psychological research and theory.

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    Description

    Assess your knowledge of general psychology concepts, including theories, hypotheses, and schools of psychology. This exam covers the basics of psychology, including functionalism, behaviorism, and more.

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