Questions and Answers
What is faking in the context of psychological tests?
Deliberate systematic distortion of responses given to test items to create a particular impression.
Which of the following are types of responding patterns related to faking? (Select all that apply)
Malingering involves intentional faking to obtain an external incentive.
True
What is social desirability in test responses?
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What does the second model of social desirability include?
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The tendency to agree more than disagree is called ______.
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What is test anxiety?
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Which of the following can characterize an individual with test anxiety? (Select all that apply)
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Study Notes
Overview of Test Bias
- Test bias can manifest through faking, social desirability, acquiescence, and test anxiety.
Faking
- Deliberate distortion of test responses to craft a specific impression.
- Can highlight socially desirable traits while denying negative ones.
- Motivations include:
- Intention to misrepresent for personal gain.
- Random or careless responding.
- Inaccurate self-reports due to lack of insight.
Patterns of Faking Responses
- Honest responding: Genuine answers.
- Irrelevant responding: Answers lack relevance to the questions.
- Defensiveness: Protective responses to safeguard self-image.
- Malingering: Intentional fabrication to gain external benefits, e.g., claiming illnesses.
Reducing Faking
- Utilize disguised titles to mask the purpose.
- Incorporate filler items to distract from core questions.
- Allow voluntary item responses, not forcing answers.
- Use faking scales that measure improbable behaviors and exceptional traits.
- Account for cross-cultural variations in responses.
- Include validity scales to assess response integrity.
Social Desirability
- The inclination to respond in ways that present oneself positively.
- Represents "faking good" through various motivations:
- Conscious deceit.
- Unconscious defensiveness.
- Approval-seeking behavior.
Models of Social Desirability
- First model involves:
- Attribution: Claiming positive traits.
- Denial: Rejecting negative traits.
- Second model encompasses:
- Self-deception: Unconsciously viewing oneself positively.
- Impression management: Deliberate false presentation.
Reducing Social Desirability
- Employ neutral items that do not induce social bias.
- Include balanced items with equal social desirability potential.
- Apply validity scales to gauge true responses.
Response Styles
- Acquiescence: Preference for agreement over disagreement.
- Opposition: Preference for disagreement over agreement.
- Positional set: Extremity in responses or choosing midpoint consistently.
- Random responding: Careless or inconsistent answering patterns.
Test Anxiety
- Defined as apprehension or worry when assessed in testing situations.
- Can negatively affect test performance.
- Characterized by:
- Viewing the test as challenging.
- Feeling ineffective in managing test scenarios.
- Focusing on potential failure outcomes.
- Experiencing self-doubt and expecting negative evaluations from others.
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Description
This quiz covers the concept of test bias in psychological assessments, focusing on factors like faking, social desirability, acquiescence, and test anxiety. Understand how these biases can influence the results of psychological tests and the implications for assessment practices. Prepare to explore methods and motivations behind response distortion.
