30 Questions
What is the main reason why we should care about myths in psychology?
Psychological myths can be harmful and impede our critical thinking in other areas.
What is the primary focus of psychology when it comes to obtaining information?
The scientific method, which involves observation, identifying patterns and trends, and developing theories.
What is the main difference between deduction and induction in the context of the hypothetico-deductive model?
Deduction involves deriving a specific hypothesis from a general theory, while induction involves developing a general theory from specific observations.
What are the key characteristics of a hypothesis in scientific research?
Hypotheses should be falsifiable, provide direction to the researcher, outline an anticipated relationship between variables, and be clearly stated and testable.
How do theories differ from hypotheses in psychology?
Theories are sets of concepts and propositions that describe and explain aspects of experience, summarizing hypotheses that have been tested.
What is the purpose of the hypothetico-deductive model in psychology?
To develop and test hypotheses through observation, pattern identification, and theory development.
What is the primary difference between positivist and interpretive research paradigms?
Positivist research is objective, measures external reality, and is largely deductive; interpretive research is empathetic, focuses on internal reality of subjective experience, and is largely inductive.
What is the main goal of quantitative research design?
To test hypotheses and determine the success rate of a program or treatment.
What is the focus of qualitative research design?
To explore how participants experience a phenomenon, such as treatment for alcohol addiction.
What is the purpose of deconstruction in research design?
To analyze and critique the language and power dynamics used in text, such as therapist-patient interactions.
What is research design, and what does it entail?
Research design is a strategic framework for action, outlining the strategy to answer a research question and gather meaningful data; it defines the steps and key ingredients involved in a research project.
What is the first step in choosing a research question?
Reviewing the field to identify what questions still need answering.
How will the research team protect the personal information of participants?
The research team will protect personal information by storing it in a locked file cabinet and a password-protected computer, and only research staff working on the study can access it.
How will the results of the research be handled in terms of publication?
Any research publication will not identify participants or their children individually.
Who has reviewed and approved the study?
The study has received ethical approval from the University of Oxford Central University Research Ethics Committee and the University of Cape Town Psychology Department Research Ethics Committee.
Who are the Principal Investigators responsible for this study?
Dr. Lucie Cluver from Oxford University and Dr. Catherine Ward from the University of Cape Town are the Principal Investigators.
What benefits can participants expect to receive from participating in this study?
Participants will receive either a parenting programme or an information pack that may assist them with some of the challenges they are facing.
What is the role of the Project Manager in this study?
Ms. Inge Wessels, a doctoral student at the University of Cape Town, is the Project Manager and will collaborate with the research team.
What is the purpose of including measured variables in statistical models?
To control for their influence on the results
What is the key characteristic of a well-designed control group in an experiment?
The only difference between the experimental and control groups is the experimental manipulation
What is the main limitation of a quasi-experimental design?
Lack of randomization, which makes it difficult to ensure that the experimental and control groups are identical
What is the purpose of matching variables in a quasi-experimental design?
To find a control group that is similar to the experimental group in all relevant ways
What is an example of a threat to internal validity?
Events between pre-test and post-test that are unrelated to the experimental manipulation (e.g. history test influencing stress)
Why is it important to control for confounding variables in a study?
To isolate the effect of the independent variable on the dependent variable and avoid misleading conclusions
What is a potential issue with the Selection app group that may affect the validity of the study's results?
Students self-selecting into the Selection app group may be more motivated to reduce stress, which could introduce bias.
How can researchers minimize the impact of external events on the study's results?
Collect data on potential historical events and statistically control for their influence, or conduct the study over a shorter timeframe.
Why is it important to use a different form of the stress measure for pre-test and post-test?
To reduce familiarity effects.
What is the purpose of including a buffer period between the pre-test and intervention?
To minimize carry-over effects.
Why should researchers emphasize the research aspect of the study during recruitment?
To prevent participants from suspecting the app's purpose and influencing their responses.
What is the benefit of using a placebo app for the control group?
To allow for more effective comparison between the groups and reduce confounding variables.
This quiz debunks common myths in psychology, covering topics such as romantic attraction, lie detection, and effective punishment methods. It's based on a university lecture on quantitative methods in psychology.
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