PSY 375 Chapter 3: Rome and the Middle Ages - History of Psychology
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Questions and Answers

What is the purpose of the common sense according to the text?

  • To synthesize information from the external senses (correct)
  • To make judgements about environmental objects
  • To remember information from the retentive imagination
  • To combine information in a creative way

What is the role of the retentive imagination according to the text?

  • To remember the synthesized information from the common sense (correct)
  • To combine information in a creative way
  • To make judgements about environmental objects
  • To associate objects or events with pain or pleasure

How do animals use compositive imagination according to the text?

  • In a strictly associative process, avoiding objects/events associated with pain and approaching those associated with pleasure (correct)
  • To make judgements about environmental objects
  • To combine information in a creative way
  • To remember the outcomes of information processing

How does human compositive imagination differ from animal compositive imagination according to the text?

<p>Humans use it to creatively combine information from the common sense and retentive imagination (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the estimative power according to the text?

<p>To make judgements about environmental objects (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the ability to remember the outcomes of information processing according to the text?

<p>To remember the outcomes of all the information processing that occurs lower in the hierarchy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What major departure did Avicenna make from Aristotle's philosophy?

<p>Emphasizing the theological aspect of active intellect (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Averroës believe about the active intellect and survival after death?

<p>Nothing personal survives death as the active intellect is the same for everyone (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What scientific contribution is Averroës credited with?

<p>Identifying the light sensitive part of the eye as the retina (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was Maimonides' main focus in 'The Guide for the Perplexed'?

<p>Exploring the conflict between religion and philosophy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was Averroës' main focus in his writings?

<p>Providing insights on senses, memory, and sleep based on Aristotle's philosophy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did Avicenna view the role of active intellect in understanding?

<p>As a theological aspect for understanding the cosmic plan and God (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the main contribution of Anselm and Peter Lombard to Western philosophy?

<p>Combining Aristotle's philosophy with Christian theology (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterized the method of study introduced by Peter Abelard during the Scholastic period?

<p>Dialectic method (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What belief is associated with Realism?

<p>Essences exist independently of individual instances (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Abeldard propose as a compromise between Realism and Nominalism?

<p>Conceptualism (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What led to Abelard's conflict with William of Champeaux?

<p>Conflict between logic and physics (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did Abelard's relationship with Heloise begin?

<p>As a result of Abelard being Heloise's tutor (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why did Heloise initially refuse Abelard's marriage proposal?

<p>She believed marriage would ruin Abelard's church career (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the consequence of Fulbert's belief regarding Abelard forcing Heloise to become a nun?

<p>Abelard was castrated by Fulbert's aides (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did Abelard's controversial teaching method impact his relationship with church authorities?

<p>He was ordered to stop teaching and writing by Pope Innocent II (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what manner did Abelard and Heloise maintain their relationship after the unfortunate events?

<p>By exchanging love letters as monks/nuns (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was Maimonides' view on passages from the Old Testament and the Talmud?

<p>Many passages can be understood rationally, while others should be understood as allegory (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the key aspect of St. Anselm's ontological argument for the existence of God?

<p>Both (a) and (b) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Peter Lombard, how many ways are there to learn about God?

<p>3 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was Maimonides' view on rejecting passages from the Bible or Talmud?

<p>Passages should be rejected if they are demonstrably false, even if stated as true in the Bible or Talmud (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was St. Anselm's view on the relationship between faith and reason?

<p>Reason should be used to support and understand faith, but faith must come first (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Peter Lombard, what is one of the ways to learn about God?

<p>Through the study of God's works (the empirical world) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the Dark Ages?

<p>A period where villages were armed and education was limited primarily to the Church and nobility. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What event is often considered the beginning of the Dark Ages?

<p>All of the above are considered potential starting points of the Dark Ages. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the result of the Crusades against the Muslims?

<p>The Crusades brought the West back into contact with Greek philosophy, including the rediscovery of Aristotle's writings. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did Muslim philosophers contribute to the preservation and development of Greek philosophy?

<p>Muslim philosophers translated, studied, and expanded on the ancient wisdom of Greece and Rome. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was Avicenna's contribution to the field of medicine?

<p>He wrote a book on medicine called 'The Canon' that was used in European universities for centuries. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the passage, what did Avicenna postulate about human thinking?

<p>He postulated seven 'interior senses' arranged in a hierarchy, building upon the five external senses. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary reason for the initial interest in subjects like medicine, science, and mathematics in the Islamic empire?

<p>These subjects were of great practical value during the expansion of the Islamic empire. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did the Christian church authorities respond to the rediscovery of Aristotle's writings in the West?

<p>They attempted to 'Christianize' Aristotle's thoughts to make them acceptable. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary reason for the spread of Islam, according to believers?

<p>Muhammad received a revelation from God instructing him to preach the religion. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the extent of the Islamic empire at its peak, according to the passage?

<p>It extended over an area larger than the Roman empire at its peak. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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