PSY 375 Chapter 3: Rome and the Middle Ages - History of Psychology
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Questions and Answers

What is the purpose of the common sense according to the text?

  • To synthesize information from the external senses (correct)
  • To make judgements about environmental objects
  • To remember information from the retentive imagination
  • To combine information in a creative way

    • What is the role of the retentive imagination according to the text?

  • To remember the synthesized information from the common sense (correct)
  • To combine information in a creative way
  • To make judgements about environmental objects
  • To associate objects or events with pain or pleasure

    • How do animals use compositive imagination according to the text?

  • In a strictly associative process, avoiding objects/events associated with pain and approaching those associated with pleasure (correct)
  • To make judgements about environmental objects
  • To combine information in a creative way
  • To remember the outcomes of information processing

    • How does human compositive imagination differ from animal compositive imagination according to the text?

    <p>Humans use it to creatively combine information from the common sense and retentive imagination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the estimative power according to the text?

    <p>To make judgements about environmental objects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the ability to remember the outcomes of information processing according to the text?

    <p>To remember the outcomes of all the information processing that occurs lower in the hierarchy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What major departure did Avicenna make from Aristotle's philosophy?

    <p>Emphasizing the theological aspect of active intellect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Averroës believe about the active intellect and survival after death?

    <p>Nothing personal survives death as the active intellect is the same for everyone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What scientific contribution is Averroës credited with?

    <p>Identifying the light sensitive part of the eye as the retina</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was Maimonides' main focus in 'The Guide for the Perplexed'?

    <p>Exploring the conflict between religion and philosophy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was Averroës' main focus in his writings?

    <p>Providing insights on senses, memory, and sleep based on Aristotle's philosophy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did Avicenna view the role of active intellect in understanding?

    <p>As a theological aspect for understanding the cosmic plan and God</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the main contribution of Anselm and Peter Lombard to Western philosophy?

    <p>Combining Aristotle's philosophy with Christian theology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterized the method of study introduced by Peter Abelard during the Scholastic period?

    <p>Dialectic method</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What belief is associated with Realism?

    <p>Essences exist independently of individual instances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Abeldard propose as a compromise between Realism and Nominalism?

    <p>Conceptualism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What led to Abelard's conflict with William of Champeaux?

    <p>Conflict between logic and physics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did Abelard's relationship with Heloise begin?

    <p>As a result of Abelard being Heloise's tutor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why did Heloise initially refuse Abelard's marriage proposal?

    <p>She believed marriage would ruin Abelard's church career</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the consequence of Fulbert's belief regarding Abelard forcing Heloise to become a nun?

    <p>Abelard was castrated by Fulbert's aides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did Abelard's controversial teaching method impact his relationship with church authorities?

    <p>He was ordered to stop teaching and writing by Pope Innocent II</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what manner did Abelard and Heloise maintain their relationship after the unfortunate events?

    <p>By exchanging love letters as monks/nuns</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was Maimonides' view on passages from the Old Testament and the Talmud?

    <p>Many passages can be understood rationally, while others should be understood as allegory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the key aspect of St. Anselm's ontological argument for the existence of God?

    <p>Both (a) and (b)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Peter Lombard, how many ways are there to learn about God?

    <p>3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was Maimonides' view on rejecting passages from the Bible or Talmud?

    <p>Passages should be rejected if they are demonstrably false, even if stated as true in the Bible or Talmud</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was St. Anselm's view on the relationship between faith and reason?

    <p>Reason should be used to support and understand faith, but faith must come first</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Peter Lombard, what is one of the ways to learn about God?

    <p>Through the study of God's works (the empirical world)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the Dark Ages?

    <p>A period where villages were armed and education was limited primarily to the Church and nobility.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What event is often considered the beginning of the Dark Ages?

    <p>All of the above are considered potential starting points of the Dark Ages.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the result of the Crusades against the Muslims?

    <p>The Crusades brought the West back into contact with Greek philosophy, including the rediscovery of Aristotle's writings.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did Muslim philosophers contribute to the preservation and development of Greek philosophy?

    <p>Muslim philosophers translated, studied, and expanded on the ancient wisdom of Greece and Rome.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was Avicenna's contribution to the field of medicine?

    <p>He wrote a book on medicine called 'The Canon' that was used in European universities for centuries.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the passage, what did Avicenna postulate about human thinking?

    <p>He postulated seven 'interior senses' arranged in a hierarchy, building upon the five external senses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary reason for the initial interest in subjects like medicine, science, and mathematics in the Islamic empire?

    <p>These subjects were of great practical value during the expansion of the Islamic empire.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did the Christian church authorities respond to the rediscovery of Aristotle's writings in the West?

    <p>They attempted to 'Christianize' Aristotle's thoughts to make them acceptable.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary reason for the spread of Islam, according to believers?

    <p>Muhammad received a revelation from God instructing him to preach the religion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the extent of the Islamic empire at its peak, according to the passage?

    <p>It extended over an area larger than the Roman empire at its peak.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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