PSY 3511: Introduction to Counseling Psychology

43 Questions

Which best classifies facilitating an anger management group for those who are on probation for an offense?

Preventative

Describe how World War I influenced the field of counseling psychology.

World War I influenced the field of counseling psychology through the employment of testing and placement practices for military personnel, which later contributed to the development of career counseling strategies.

What are the five phases of the counseling process?

The five phases of the counseling process are: relationship building, assessment and diagnosis, formulating goals, intervention and action, and evaluation and termination.

What are the goals of an intake interview?

The goals of an intake interview are to gather relevant information about the client, establish a therapeutic relationship, assess the client's needs and strengths, and determine the appropriate treatment plan.

What are different ways that you could monitor the client’s perceptions of the alliance?

Monitoring the client's perceptions of the alliance can be done through regular feedback, discussing the therapeutic relationship openly, using standardized alliance measures, and observing the client's verbal and nonverbal cues.

If the counselor notices that the alliance is worsening with their client, how could they handle this?

If the counselor notices that the alliance is worsening, they could address it by discussing concerns with the client, exploring underlying issues affecting the alliance, adjusting their approach to better meet the client's needs, and seeking supervision or consultation if needed.

What are the purposes of open-ended questions in counseling?

Open-ended questions in counseling are used to begin conversations, encourage client elaboration, elicit specific examples, and motivate clients to communicate more openly.

What is the purpose of paraphrasing in counseling?

The purpose of paraphrasing in counseling is to convey understanding to the client, simplify and crystallize their message, encourage elaboration, check for accuracy, and facilitate the conversation when unsure of the next step.

What are the three main goals of the initial meeting during the Intake phase of the counseling process?

Explain the parameters of counseling (informed consent, confidentiality, payment, etc.), Build rapport and establish the relationship, Gather information

What type of information should a counselor gather from a client during the Intake phase?

All of the above

What is the purpose of conceptualization in therapy?

To develop a hypothesis about why the client is behaving, feeling, and thinking a certain way

What is the difference between conceptualization and diagnosis in counseling?

Conceptualization focuses on understanding the client's concerns, while diagnosis labels the concerns.

What is the primary focus of counseling psychology?

Personal and interpersonal functioning across the lifespan.

Who provides counseling services? Select all that apply.

Marriage and family counselor

Counselors help clients set goals and offer guidance. (True/False)

True

What does MA stand for in the context of a Mental Health Counselor? (Licensed clinical practitioner with an MA, MS, MSW)

Master of Arts

Match the counseling profession with the corresponding degree: Licensed Psychologist

A = PhD B = PsyD

What are the three primary roles of counseling psychology?

Remedial, Preventative, and Educative-Developmental

What is the focus of remedial counseling?

Resolving existing problems

Which of the following is the FOURTH part of the therapeutic process?

Counseling/Therapy

Describe the difference between a conceptualization and a diagnosis.

Conceptualization: counselor’s clinical understanding/hypothesis about client; diagnosis: a label from the DSM based on symptom criteria; conceptualization can include the potential diagnosis.

Which is NOT part of Sue’s (2006) three counseling processes for culturally competent practice?

Diagnosis

What is the difference between cultural transference and cultural countertransference? Provide examples.

Cultural transference is when a client reacts to the counselor's cultural characteristics. Cultural countertransference is when the counselor reacts to the client's cultural characteristics.

What ethical issue is at play in the scenario involving Robert and his client who discloses her intention to terminate her pregnancy?

Conflicting beliefs/values

Avery, who overcompensates with gifts and gestures towards their children due to lack of bonding, is displaying which defense mechanism according to psychodynamic theory?

Reaction Formation

How does psychodynamic therapy aim to bring about change in individuals?

By restructuring personality, developing new insights, and identifying/correcting old behavior patterns

What are the two main types of ethical codes discussed?

Mandatory Ethics

Define Ethics.

Ethics are moral principles that govern a person's or group's behavior.

Informed Consent is a key component in human relations in psychology.

True

Competence in psychology involves providing services with reasonable ____________ and safety.

skill

Match the following ethical principles with their descriptions:

Beneﬁcence and Nonmaleﬁcence = Striving to benefit those you work with and do no harm Integrity = Seeking to promote accuracy, honesty, and truthfulness Justice = Ensuring equal treatment for all clients Respect for People's Rights and Dignity = Respecting the dignity and worth of all individuals

What are the underlying principles of behavioral therapy?

Behavior is the product of learning. Behavior can be unlearned and relearned.

Which type of conditioning involves pairing a specific stimulus with a response to learn specific responses?

Classical conditioning

Behavioral therapy focuses on ________________ behaviors by identifying factors that influence behavior.

eliminating problematic or maladaptive

Feminist therapy is grounded in multicultural feminist scholarship.

True

Match the following elements of feminist therapy:

The personal is political = Therapist-client explores personal issues in the context of societal and political influences Egalitarian therapeutic relationship = Establishing a collaborative and equal partnership between therapist and client

According to psychodynamic theory, why do problems develop?

Problems develop due to incongruence - the gap between ideal self and actual self, which arises when people live by others' expectations.

According to psychodynamic theory, how does change occur?

Change occurs by breaking cyclical maladaptive patterns through insight and corrective experiences provided by the therapist.

What would be an example of the defense mechanism of burning off steam through a workout?

Sublimation

Describe the function of the superego.

The superego acts as the moral conscience, enforcing moral standards and values learned from parents and society.

How do problems develop in person-centered therapy?

Problems develop due to incongruence, the gap between the ideal self and the actual self when people live by others' expectations.

According to Carl Rogers, what best describes the view of human nature?

Growth-oriented

Describe how the roles of the therapist and client differ between person-centered therapy and psychodynamic therapies.

In person-centered therapy, the therapist acts as a role model and provides conditions for self-discovery, while the client takes the lead in the change process. In psychodynamic therapy, the therapist is more active in interpretation and insight, while the client gains insight through therapy.

Study Notes

Course Introduction

Introduction to PSY 3511, Counseling Psychology
Instructor: Victoria Wee (she/her)
Office hours: By appointment (Zoom)
Education: Northwestern University (BA), University of Minnesota - Twin Cities
Research Interests: Racial/ethnic minority mental health, mental health service utilization/access
Clinical Training: Various institutions, including UMN Student Counseling Services (SCS)

Teaching Assistants

Edward Chou (he/him/his) and Mo Nakamura (she/her/hers)
Contact information: [email protected] and [email protected]

Important Notes

Instructor will be out of town between June 6-9 and may respond to emails later than usual
Please contact TAs for extensions during this period if needed

Email Policy

Email (not Canvas inbox) is the best way to contact the instructor and TAs
Response time: within 48 business hours
Include "PSY 3511" in the subject line
Direct content-related questions to the instructor and grading-related questions to the TAs

Office Hours

Questions, concerns, and thoughts about the class and content
Specific help, goal setting, and feedback sessions
Career, grad school, and life advice
1 extra credit point for first-time visitors

Coffee Hour

Informal drop-in space
Meet classmates, ask questions, and practice skills
Review before exams and discuss graduate school
Virtual sessions available

Goals of the Course

Establish a greater understanding of the counseling profession
Develop an appreciation for diversity within the profession

Participation Guidelines

Honor confidentiality
Respect diversity
Be open-minded
Honor the right to pass
Be willing to participate

Syllabus and Canvas

Subject to change, and the instructor will notify students of any changes
Review the syllabus and Canvas carefully
Submit questions to ChimeIn

ChimeIn Check-Ins

Optional and not graded
Anonymous check-ins (mental health, course feedback, etc.)
Include name for direct responses

Lectures

Uploaded by Monday morning each week
PDF slides and videos posted
Variety of activities and options
One graded activity: "Class Participation (Lecture #)"
Volunteer peer note taker?

Class Participation Activity

One per lecture, graded for effort, not correctness
Submit on Canvas
Due by Sunday at 11:59 pm, with 24-hour grace period
Can drop 3

Readings

No textbook this semester
Readings on Canvas to enhance knowledge and provide background information
Not covered in exams

Application Assignments

2 per week, excluding exam weeks
May require responding to a peer for full credit
Due on Sunday at 11:59 pm CST, with 24-hour grace period
Intended to help learn skills used by counseling psychologists
Plan ahead, and can drop 2

Exams

2 exams, non-cumulative, open-note
Only covers lecture material, not readings
Take on Canvas, timed at 75 minutes
Opens Monday at 8 am, closes Sunday at 11:59 pm, no grace period
Multiple-choice, fill-in-the-blank, and short-answer questions
Can drop 1

Extra Credit

Up to 4% of extra credit available
Participate in REP extra credit (max 8 points)
Other options available for those who do not qualify for REP studies
First opportunity: beginning of semester survey

Tips for Succeeding in the Class

Stay on top of the weekly schedule
Review often and for short periods
Ask when you don't understand something
Be mentally present while watching lectures

Keep in Mind

Check school email regularly and enable Canvas announcements
Instructor is usually flexible with extensions for assignments
The University takes Scholastic Honesty seriously
If English is not your primary language, please see the instructor with concerns
If you have a DRC accommodations letter, please contact the instructor ASAP### Core Values and History of Mental Health Movement
Cliﬀord Beers (1876-1943):
- Fought for moral and humane treatment of the mentally ill in large, state-supported asylums
- Wrote a book about his experiences in an insensitive mental health system, which became a best-seller and persuaded public officials to undertake reforms
- Inspired the “mental hygiene” movement
National Mental Health Act (1946): Provided funds for NIMH
National Institute of Mental Health (1949): Established mental health as a federal initiative
Mental Retardation Facilities and Community Health Centers Construction Act (1963): Established community centers for mental health
National Alliance for Mentally Ill (1979): Advocated for research, greater support, and broader public awareness

Vocational Guidance Movement

1900: Professionals began to acknowledge the importance of helping people find careers that fit their skills
1909: Frank Parsons wrote the book "Choosing a Vocation", outlining the first theory of career counseling
Parsons' Model of Career Counseling involves matching knowledge of self with knowledge of work

World War I and II

During WWI, psychologists employed testing and placement practices for military personnel
After WWII, psychologists had to meet the needs of returning veterans and assist with their adjustment

Counseling Skills

Active listening responses:
- Questioning
- Paraphrasing
- Reflection of feeling
- Summarizing
Attending behaviors: S.H.O.V.E.L.E.R.
Basic counseling skills: empathy, confronting, interpreting, self-disclosure, immediacy
Advanced empathy: naming emotional content "right under the surface" that the client may not be acknowledging
Confrontation: noticing and commenting on inconsistencies in the client's presentation
Interpretation: conveying the therapist's explanation or conceptualization of the client's concerns
Self-disclosure: sharing information about the therapist to aid the client
Immediacy: describing something as it occurs in the session

Counseling Process

Five phases of the counseling process:
1. Initial contact
2. Intake and assessment
3. Goal setting
4. Intervention
5. Termination
Goals of an intake interview:
- Gather information about the client's concerns and reasons for seeking counseling
- Establish rapport and build trust
- Identify goals and expectations for counseling
Key information to gather from the client:
- Presenting concerns and symptoms
- Personal and family history
- Social and cultural background
- Previous counseling experiences
Conceptualization: the therapist's explanation or understanding of the client's concerns and how they will be addressed in therapy### The Counseling Process
The counseling process involves five phases: intake, conceptualization, treatment planning, counseling/therapy, and termination/referral.
Each phase has specific goals and objectives.

Phase 1: Intake

The initial meeting between the counselor and client has three main goals:
- Explain the parameters of counseling, including informed consent, confidentiality, and payment policies.
- Build rapport and establish the relationship.
- Gather information about the client.

Intake Information

The counselor should gather information about the client's:
- Presenting concerns
- Mental health history
- Family of origin
- Work and educational history
- Living situation
- Strengths and coping skills

Phase 2: Conceptualization

Conceptualization involves forming a hypothesis about why the client is experiencing difficulties.
It helps the counselor to organize and understand the client's complexities.

Phase 3: Treatment Planning

The counselor develops a framework for the client's treatment, including:
- Presenting problem
- Goals of therapy
- Methods
- Time estimate

Phase 4: Counseling/Therapy

The counselor and client work together to achieve the goals set forth in the treatment plan.
Counseling can take many forms, depending on the client, counselor, and goals.

Phase 5: Termination/Referral

The counselor and client review progress, say goodbye, and address any issues related to termination.
Reasons for termination include:
- Completion of therapeutic goals
- Enough therapeutic progress
- Client decision
- Therapist leaving
- Referral to a different level of care

Diversity and Cultural Competence

Cultural competence involves understanding the worldview of the "culturally different" and developing skills to work with diverse clients.
Cultural humility is a lifelong process of self-reflection and self-critique.

ADDRESSING Model

The ADDRESSING model considers factors such as:
- Age and generational influences
- Developmental disabilities
- Religion and spiritual orientation
- Ethnic and racial identity
- Socioeconomic status
- Sexual orientation
- Indigenous heritage
- National origin
- Gender identity

Racism and Mental Health

Racism is a system of oppression that privileges the dominant racial group.
Racism affects mental health outcomes and is a chronic stressor.

Cultural Competence in Practice

Cultural competence involves:
- Cultural awareness
- Cultural skills
- Cultural knowledge
Asking about the client's cultural background and experiences.

Ethical Principles

Aspirational ethical principles include:
- Beneﬁcence and nonmaleﬁcence
- Fidelity and responsibility
- Justice
- Integrity
- Respect for people's rights and dignity
Mandatory ethical standards include:
- Resolving ethical issues
- Competence
- Human relations
- Privacy and confidentiality
- Advertising and other public statements
- Record keeping
- Education and training
- Research and publication
- Assessment
- Therapy

Competence

Competence involves the ability to provide services within the practice of psychology.
Limitations to competence include:
- Lack of knowledge or experience
- Impaired objectivity
- Distress or burnout
- Dysfunctional motivations

Human Relations

Psychologists should:
- Embrace informed consent
- Communicate and collaborate with clients
- Refrain from harassment, discrimination, and multiple relationships
- Avoid conflicts of interest

Explore the basics of Counseling Psychology, including its core values, history, and process. This quiz covers the introductory topics of PSY 3511 course.

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