40 Questions
What is the main goal of Guidance and Counseling in schools?
To promote the development of students
What is the historical development of Guidance and Counseling in?
Developed countries
What is the focus of the Psychoanalytic theory of counseling?
Unconscious mind
What is the purpose of Orientation in Guidance and Counseling Services?
To provide information to students
What is the Crisis approach to Guidance and Counseling?
Focuses on solving immediate problems
What is the characteristic of an effective counselor?
They have good communication skills
What is the role of a teacher counselor?
To support students' development
What is the focus of the Humanistic theory of counseling?
Focuses on personal growth and development
In which year was the Guidance and Counseling unit started in the Ministry of Education?
1971
What was the main reason for the conference in 1967?
To select school leavers for public and private jobs
What was the third responsibility of the Guidance and Counseling unit?
To give vocational guidance and counseling
What was instructed to all heads of secondary schools in 1984?
To start Guidance and Counseling units/departments
Who were to constitute the guidance and counseling committee?
6-8 interested members of staff
What was one of the functions of the guidance and counseling committee?
To make recommendations to the administration
What was the pace of implementation of the Guidance programme in Kenyan schools?
Slow
What was the purpose of the Guidance and Counseling unit according to the content?
To help in planning suitable programs to prepare youth for man-power needs in Kenya
What was one of the goals of traditional Guidance and Counseling?
To prepare for initiation and marriage
Who were the agents of traditional Guidance and Counseling?
Members of extended family, elders, and authority figures
What method was used in traditional Guidance and Counseling?
Oral explanation like story telling
What was a key difference between traditional and modern Guidance and Counseling practitioners?
Traditional practitioners knew when to invite people for guidance
What skill did traditional practitioners use effectively?
Use of local language
What was an advantage of traditional practitioners in non-verbal communication?
They came from the same cultural background with the client
What was a characteristic of traditional Guidance and Counseling?
It was an informal, community-based process
What was a key aspect of traditional Guidance and Counseling?
Focus on cultural background and community
What is the primary focus of educational guidance?
Guiding students on choice of subjects/courses based on their interests and abilities
What is the main goal of vocational guidance?
To assist individuals in choosing careers that align with their talents and interests
What is personal/psychological counseling focused on?
Addressing personal problems that affect academic achievement
What is the purpose of orientation or adaptive services?
To help students adjust to new environments
What is one of the negative effects of personal problems on academic achievement?
Detrimental to academic achievement
Why is it important to address personal problems in students?
To address problems that hinder academic achievement
What is the ultimate goal of guidance and counseling services?
To enable individuals to participate in occupations of economic and social value
Why is it essential to provide guidance and counseling services to students?
To address problems that hinder academic achievement
What is the primary goal of the exploration stage in counseling?
To help the client articulate their concerns and clarify problems
What is the purpose of the counselor's role in the exploration stage?
To help the client focus on themselves and their concerns
What is the outcome of the exploration stage in counseling?
A clear definition of the client's problem
What is the primary skill required of the counselor in the exploration stage?
Attending skills
What is the main question asked in the exploration stage?
What is the presenting problem?
What is the importance of the exploration stage in counseling?
It helps the client identify and clarify their problems
What is the outcome of the action stage in counseling?
A plan to change the client's behavior
What is the primary goal of counseling according to Fuster (1998)?
To change the client's behavior
Study Notes
Guidance and Counseling Department
- Definition of Guidance and Counseling: Dichotomy of Guidance and Counseling, Importance and goals of Guidance and Counseling in schools.
Foundations of Guidance and Counseling
- Historical development in developed countries, Kenyan guidance and counseling traditional and contemporary.
- Development of Guidance and Counseling in schools.
Theories of Counseling
- Psychoanalytic, Behavioral, Humanistic
Guidance and Counseling Services in Schools
- Orientation, informational appraisal, planning, and placement, counseling.
Approaches to Guidance and Counseling
- Crisis approach, Remedial preventive approach, Developmental approach.
- Characteristics of an effective counselor.
The Guidance Counselor
- Counseling ethics, Roles of a teacher counselor.
History of Guidance and Counseling in Kenya
- Started in 1971 in the Ministry of Education after a conference in 1967 on careers.
- The unit was charged with 3 responsibilities: educational guidance, personal/psychological counseling, and vocational guidance.
Implementation of Guidance Programme in Kenyan Schools
- Circular sent to all heads of secondary schools in 1984 to start Guidance and Counseling units/departments.
- Goals of traditional Guidance and Counseling: educating children on acceptable behavior, relating with others, preparing for initiation, marriage, and adult life.
Traditional Guidance and Counseling
- Agents: parents and members of extended family, elders, peer group members, those in authority.
- Methods: oral explanation, proverbs/riddles, songs, and dances during festivals or rituals, visits to grandparents, uncles, aunts, medicine men, etc.
Comparison of Traditional and Modern Guidance and Counseling
- Skills used by traditional practitioners: invitation, knowledge of culture, use of local language, non-verbal communication.
- Modern Guidance and Counseling: complex society, foreign language, hindering clear communication.
Components of Guidance and Counseling
- Educational Guidance: help given to students on choice of subjects/courses based on their interests and abilities.
- Vocational Guidance: enables individuals to comprehend the world of work, students are assisted in choosing careers in line with their talents, interests, and training.
- Personal/Psychological Counseling: assistance given to individuals showing personality maladjustment.
Services Offered in Guidance and Counseling
- Orientation or adaptive services: help students to adjust better in any new environment.
- Exploration: helping clients articulate their concerns, searching oneself or looking within oneself to search for hidden motives, thoughts, or feelings.
- Action: counseling plan on how to deal with the new insight gained from exploration and self-understanding.
A course outline covering the introduction to guidance and counseling, its importance, goals, and foundations. Topics include definition of terms, dichotomy of guidance, and historical foundations.
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