Questions and Answers
What is learning?
The process of acquiring, through experience, new and relatively enduring information or behaviors.
What are the two main types of learning?
What is associative learning?
Learning that events occur together.
What is cognitive learning?
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What are the two types of associative learning?
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What is classical conditioning?
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What is operant conditioning?
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What is observational learning?
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What is a stimulus?
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What is a neural stimulus?
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Who developed classical conditioning, and how?
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How does classical conditioning demonstrate associative learning?
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What are the types of responses and stimuli used in classical conditioning?
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What is an unconditioned response?
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What is an unconditioned stimulus?
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What is a conditioned response?
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What is a conditioned stimulus?
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What are the five major processes for classical and operant conditioning?
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What is acquisition in classical conditioning?
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What is extinction in classical conditioning?
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Does extinction suppress or eliminate the conditioned response?
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What is spontaneous recovery?
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What is generalization in classical conditioning?
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What is discrimination in classical conditioning?
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What is respondent behavior and what type of conditioning is it associated with?
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Operant conditioning is a type of learning in which behavior is strengthened if followed by a ___ or diminished if followed by a ___.
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What is operant behavior?
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What is the law of effect?
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Study Notes
Learning Concepts
- Learning involves acquiring new and relatively enduring information or behaviors through experiences.
- Major types of learning include associative learning and cognitive learning.
Types of Learning
- Associative learning links events occurring together through conditioning.
- Cognitive learning involves acquiring mental information through observation or language.
Associative Learning Types
- Classical conditioning links stimuli to anticipate events.
- Operant conditioning associates behaviors with consequences.
Classical Conditioning
- Developed by Ivan Pavlov via experiments on dog salivation in response to stimuli.
- Involves linking multiple stimuli where a neutral stimulus becomes associated with an unconditioned stimulus.
Key Terms in Classical Conditioning
- Stimulus: An event that evokes a response.
- Neutral Stimulus: Does not trigger a response prior to conditioning.
- Unconditioned Stimulus: Naturally triggers an unlearned response.
- Unconditioned Response: Unlearned response to an unconditioned stimulus.
- Conditioned Stimulus: Initially irrelevant stimulus that eventually evokes a conditioned response.
- Conditioned Response: Learned response to a previously neutral stimulus.
Processes in Conditioning
- Acquisition: Linking a neutral stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus in classical conditioning; strengthening a response in operant conditioning.
- Extinction: Weakening of a conditioned response when the unconditioned stimulus does not follow the conditioned stimulus or when reinforcement ceases in operant conditioning.
- Spontaneous Recovery: Reappearance of an extinguished conditioned response after a pause.
- Generalization: Responding similarly to stimuli resembling the conditioned stimulus.
- Discrimination: Distinguishing between a conditioned stimulus and other stimuli.
Operant Conditioning
- Behaviors are strengthened by reinforcement and weakened by punishment.
- Operant Behavior: Actions that produce consequences in the environment.
- Law of Effect: Behaviors followed by favorable outcomes increase in likelihood, while those followed by unfavorable outcomes decrease.
Summary of Terms
- Respondent Behavior: Automatic response to a stimulus, primarily linked with classical conditioning.
- Reinforcement: A consequence that strengthens behavior.
These bullet points distill the essential concepts of learning from the provided flashcards, making the material easier to review and understand.
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Description
Test your knowledge on key concepts from Chapter 6 of PSY 201, focusing on learning processes. This quiz covers definitions and types of learning, including associative and cognitive learning. Challenge yourself with flashcards that reinforce your understanding.