Associative Learning Theories: Rescorla-Wagner Model
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Questions and Answers

What do sensory preconditioning experiments, such as Rizley & Rescorla (1972), challenge?

  • The role of operant conditioning in learning
  • The idea that learning can only occur in the form of S-R associations (correct)
  • The concept of outcome-response associations
  • The significance of behavioral observations

What is the primary focus of the Outcome-Response or Goal-Directed theory?

  • The distinction between S-R and O-R associative structures
  • The role of reinforcement in shaping behavior
  • The relation between outcomes and responses (correct)
  • The establishment of associations between stimuli

What is the result of extensive training or specific reinforcement protocols, according to the text?

  • A decrease in the role of reinforcement
  • A bias towards S-O-R representations
  • A bias towards S-R (habitual) representations (correct)
  • A shift from S-R to O-R associative structures

What is demonstrated using Pavlovian instrumental transfer (PIT), according to the text?

<p>The existence of S-O-R associations (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What cannot account for Pavlovian instrumental transfer (PIT), according to the text?

<p>S-R learning (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the proposal of the S-O-R account, according to the text?

<p>The Pavlovian cue activates a representation of the outcome (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary outcome of a negative CS-US relationship in associative learning?

<p>Withdrawal conditioned response (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the Rescorla-Wagner Model, what is the underlying mechanism driving conditioned responses?

<p>Stimulus substitution (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of Pavlovian phenomena, what is the primary function of the conditioned stimulus (CS)?

<p>To signal the presence of the unconditioned stimulus (US) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What phenomenon is observed when an organism learns to respond to a stimulus as if it were a substitute for the unconditioned stimulus (US)?

<p>Stimulus substitution (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of a conditioned response (CR) that is influenced by the nature of the reinforcer, as demonstrated in the experiment by Moore (1969)?

<p>Pecking at a disk with open beak and closed eyes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the outcome of using a second rat as a conditioned stimulus (CS) in the experiment by Timberlake and Grant (1975)?

<p>Approach and social contact (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary factor that determines which stimulus will overshadow the other in Pavlovian conditioning?

<p>The intensity or salience of the stimuli (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the Rescorla-Wagner model, what is the value range of the association strength between the conditioned stimulus and the unconditioned stimulus?

<p>0≤V≤1 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the phenomenon where a conditioned stimulus that is already associated with an unconditioned stimulus interferes with the learning of a new conditioned stimulus?

<p>Blocking (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the shape of the learning curve in associative learning, according to the Rescorla-Wagner model?

<p>Gradual and negatively accelerated (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the underlying mechanism of the Rescorla-Wagner model, where the association between the conditioned stimulus and the unconditioned stimulus is encoded in memory?

<p>Joint processing of the CS and US (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary factor that determines the change in associative strength (∆V) in the Rescorla-Wagner model?

<p>The predictive value of the conditioned stimulus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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