Associative Learning Theories: Rescorla-Wagner Model

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What do sensory preconditioning experiments, such as Rizley & Rescorla (1972), challenge?

The role of operant conditioning in learning

The idea that learning can only occur in the form of S-R associations (correct)

The concept of outcome-response associations

The significance of behavioral observations

What is the primary focus of the Outcome-Response or Goal-Directed theory?

The distinction between S-R and O-R associative structures

The role of reinforcement in shaping behavior

The relation between outcomes and responses (correct)

The establishment of associations between stimuli

What is the result of extensive training or specific reinforcement protocols, according to the text?

A decrease in the role of reinforcement

A bias towards S-O-R representations

A bias towards S-R (habitual) representations (correct)

A shift from S-R to O-R associative structures

What is demonstrated using Pavlovian instrumental transfer (PIT), according to the text?

The existence of S-O-R associations Signup and view all the answers

What cannot account for Pavlovian instrumental transfer (PIT), according to the text?

S-R learning Signup and view all the answers

What is the proposal of the S-O-R account, according to the text?

The Pavlovian cue activates a representation of the outcome Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary outcome of a negative CS-US relationship in associative learning?

Withdrawal conditioned response Signup and view all the answers

According to the Rescorla-Wagner Model, what is the underlying mechanism driving conditioned responses?

Stimulus substitution Signup and view all the answers

In the context of Pavlovian phenomena, what is the primary function of the conditioned stimulus (CS)?

To signal the presence of the unconditioned stimulus (US) Signup and view all the answers

What phenomenon is observed when an organism learns to respond to a stimulus as if it were a substitute for the unconditioned stimulus (US)?

Stimulus substitution Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of a conditioned response (CR) that is influenced by the nature of the reinforcer, as demonstrated in the experiment by Moore (1969)?

Pecking at a disk with open beak and closed eyes Signup and view all the answers

What is the outcome of using a second rat as a conditioned stimulus (CS) in the experiment by Timberlake and Grant (1975)?

Approach and social contact Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary factor that determines which stimulus will overshadow the other in Pavlovian conditioning?

The intensity or salience of the stimuli Signup and view all the answers

According to the Rescorla-Wagner model, what is the value range of the association strength between the conditioned stimulus and the unconditioned stimulus?

0≤V≤1 Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the phenomenon where a conditioned stimulus that is already associated with an unconditioned stimulus interferes with the learning of a new conditioned stimulus?

Blocking Signup and view all the answers

What is the shape of the learning curve in associative learning, according to the Rescorla-Wagner model?

Gradual and negatively accelerated Signup and view all the answers

What is the underlying mechanism of the Rescorla-Wagner model, where the association between the conditioned stimulus and the unconditioned stimulus is encoded in memory?

Joint processing of the CS and US Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary factor that determines the change in associative strength (∆V) in the Rescorla-Wagner model?

The predictive value of the conditioned stimulus Signup and view all the answers