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Questions and Answers
Plasmodium vivax is responsible for malignant malaria.
Plasmodium vivax is responsible for malignant malaria.
False
What is the primary function of the macronucleus in Paramecium?
What is the primary function of the macronucleus in Paramecium?
What process allows Paramecium to reproduce by dividing into two equal halves?
What process allows Paramecium to reproduce by dividing into two equal halves?
Binary Fission
The __________ releases merozoites into the bloodstream, which invade red blood cells.
The __________ releases merozoites into the bloodstream, which invade red blood cells.
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Match the following terms related to Malaria with their descriptions:
Match the following terms related to Malaria with their descriptions:
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Which of the following characteristics is NOT associated with Protista?
Which of the following characteristics is NOT associated with Protista?
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Amoebas reproduce asexually through a process called conjugation.
Amoebas reproduce asexually through a process called conjugation.
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What is the primary mode of locomotion for Amoeba?
What is the primary mode of locomotion for Amoeba?
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Paramecium uses _____ for movement and feeding.
Paramecium uses _____ for movement and feeding.
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Match the following Protista with their characteristics:
Match the following Protista with their characteristics:
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The outer layer of the cytoplasm in an Amoeba is known as the _____ layer.
The outer layer of the cytoplasm in an Amoeba is known as the _____ layer.
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Which nutrition mode is not performed by Protista?
Which nutrition mode is not performed by Protista?
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Contractile vacuoles in both Amoeba and Paramecium help regulate water balance.
Contractile vacuoles in both Amoeba and Paramecium help regulate water balance.
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Study Notes
Paramecium
- Macronucleus: Controls daily functions; involved in various physiological processes.
- Micronucleus: Primarily responsible for reproduction.
- Nutrition Mechanism: Cilia create currents to direct food (e.g., bacteria) into the oral groove, followed by engulfment into food vacuoles for digestion.
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Reproduction Methods:
- Binary Fission: Asexual reproduction where Paramecium splits into two equal halves, distributing macronucleus and micronucleus.
- Conjugation: Sexual reproduction that involves two Paramecia exchanging genetic material.
Plasmodium vivax
- Pathogen: A sporozoan protozoan responsible for benign tertian malaria.
- Hosts: Human (intermediate host) and Anopheles mosquitoes (definitive host).
Life Cycle of Plasmodium vivax
- Sporozoites Introduction: Injected into the bloodstream during a mosquito bite.
- Liver Infection: Sporozoites invade liver cells (hepatocytes) and develop into schizonts.
- Merozoite Release: Schizonts rupture, releasing merozoites into the bloodstream to invade red blood cells (RBCs).
- Trophozoite Formation: Inside RBCs, merozoites form trophozoites, which grow and divide into new schizonts.
- Cyclic Fever: RBC rupture releases more merozoites, causing the characteristic fever cycle.
- Gamete Development: Some merozoites develop into gametocytes taken up by mosquitoes during feeding.
- Mosquito Lifecycle: In mosquito gut, gametocytes mature into gametes, fuse to form ookinetes, which migrate to salivary glands as sporozoites, preparing for new human infection.
Pathogenicity of Plasmodium vivax
- Benign Tertian Malaria Symptoms: Characterized by cyclical fever, chills, sweating, and fatigue, typically every 48 hours.
- Parasitic Adaptation: Life cycle ensures survival and efficient transmission between human and mosquito hosts.
General Characteristics of Protista
- Unicellular Eukaryotes: Exhibit both animal-like and plant-like features, predominantly found in moist or aquatic environments.
- Cell Structure: Eukaryotic cells with membrane-bound organelles including nucleus and mitochondria.
- Nutrition Modes: Can be heterotrophic (absorbing nutrients), autotrophic (photosynthesis), or mixotrophic (both).
- Reproduction: Through binary fission (asexual) and sexual methods like conjugation.
Amoeba
- Structural Features: Irregularly shaped, free-living organism.
- Locomotion: Uses pseudopodia to move and capture food through phagocytosis.
- Nucleus: A large, centrally located nucleus oversees cellular functions.
- Contractile Vacuole: Expels excess water for osmoregulation.
- Cytoplasm: Divided into ectoplasm (clear outer layer) and endoplasm (granular inner layer).
- Nutrition Method: Engulfs food via phagocytosis, forming food vacuoles for digestion.
Paramecium
- Shape and Movement: Slipper-shaped ciliate, equipped with cilia for locomotion and feeding.
- Cilia: Short, hair-like structures that facilitate movement and guide food to the oral groove.
- Pellicle: Tough outer covering that maintains the organism's shape.
- Oral Groove: A depression guiding food particles to the cell mouth (cytostome).
- Contractile Vacuoles: Two vacuoles that help in regulating water balance by expelling excess water.
- Nuclei: Comprises both macronucleus and micronucleus facilitating different cellular functions.
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Description
This quiz covers the general characteristics of Protista, focusing on unicellular eukaryotic organisms such as Amoeba, Paramecium, and Plasmodium vivax. Explore their unique features, modes of nutrition, and habitats in aquatic environments.
