Proteins Classification Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

What can proteins be classified by?

Shape, solubility in water, salt, acid, base and alcohol.

What is another name for simple proteins?

Globular proteins

What are simple (globular) proteins?

Those yielding only amino acids or their derivatives on hydrolysis; abundant in nature, soluble in water, dilute acids or bases, alcohol.

What are the types of globular proteins?

Albumins, histones, protamines, globulins, glutelins, prolamins. Signup and view all the answers

What types of proteins are soluble in water?

Albumins, histones, protamines. Signup and view all the answers

Which proteins are soluble in dilute neutral solutions of salts?

Globulins Signup and view all the answers

What types of proteins are soluble in dilute acids or bases?

Glutelins Signup and view all the answers

What types of proteins are soluble in alcohol?

Prolamins Signup and view all the answers

What are fibrous proteins?

About 30% of total protein content in the animal body (connective tissue). Insoluble in water, resistant to digestive enzymes. Signup and view all the answers

What are the types of fibrous proteins?

Collagens, elastins, keratins. Signup and view all the answers

What are collagens?

Insoluble in water. Signup and view all the answers

When do collagens become digestible?

After conversion to gelatin in dilute acids or bases. Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of food from collagens?

Hydrolyzed feather meal. Signup and view all the answers

What are elastins?

Like collagens, but cannot convert to gelatin. Signup and view all the answers

What feed contains elastins?

Soybean meal. Signup and view all the answers

What are keratins?

Highly insoluble and resistant to digestive enzymes; indigestible, contains up to 15% cystine. Signup and view all the answers

What are conjugated proteins?

Simple proteins combined with nonprotein compounds. Signup and view all the answers

What are conjugated nucleoproteins?

Contain nucleic acid. Signup and view all the answers

What are conjugated glycoproteins (mucoproteins)?

Contain carbohydrates. Signup and view all the answers

What are conjugated phosphoproteins?

Contains phosphorus. Signup and view all the answers

What are conjugated hemoproteins?

Contain hematin. Signup and view all the answers

What is hematin?

Vitamins, minerals, cofactors. Increase iron absorption. Signup and view all the answers

What are conjugated lecithoproteins?

Contain lecithin. Signup and view all the answers

What is lecithin?

Found in soybeans typically. Prevent oxidation. Signup and view all the answers

What are conjugated lipoproteins?

Contain lipids. Signup and view all the answers

What are conjugated metalloproteins?

Complexed with metals. Signup and view all the answers

What is a true protein?

Protein that is composed ONLY of amino acids. Signup and view all the answers

What is nonprotein nitrogen (NPN)?

Compounds that aren't true protein in nature but contain nitrogen. Signup and view all the answers

What is crude protein?

Total protein. Protein composed of true protein and any other nitrogenous product. Signup and view all the answers

What is digestible protein?

The difference between what is present in the feed and what appears in the feces. Amount of protein digested. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Protein Classification

Proteins can be classified based on their shape, solubility in water, and response to salt, acid, base, and alcohol.
Simple proteins are also referred to as globular proteins.

Simple (Globular) Proteins

Yield only amino acids upon hydrolysis and are abundant in nature, being soluble in water, dilute acids, bases, and alcohol.

Types of Globular Proteins

Include albumins, histones, protamines, globulins, glutelins, and prolamins.

Water-Soluble Proteins

Include albumins, histones, and protamines.

Salt-Soluble Proteins

Globulins dissolve in dilute neutral solutions of salts.

Acid/Base-Soluble Proteins

Glutelins are soluble in dilute acids or bases.

Alcohol-Soluble Proteins

Prolamins are proteins that dissolve in alcohol.

Fibrous Proteins

Comprise about 30% of total protein content in the animal body, particularly in connective tissue.
These proteins are insoluble in water and resistant to digestive enzymes.

Types of Fibrous Proteins

Include collagens, elastins, and keratins.

Collagens

Are water-insoluble proteins that become digestible after conversion to gelatin in dilute acids or bases.
An example food source from collagens is hydrolyzed feather meal.

Elastins

Similar to collagens but cannot convert to gelatin; found in soybean meal.

Keratins

Highly insoluble and resistant to digestive enzymes, containing up to 15% cystine.
They feature disulfide bonds, contributing to their resistance against digestion.

Conjugated Proteins

Formed when simple proteins combine with non-protein compounds.

Types of Conjugated Proteins

Nucleoproteins: Contain nucleic acid.
Glycoproteins (Mucoproteins): Contain carbohydrates.
Phosphoproteins: Contain phosphorus.
Hemoproteins: Include hematin, which aids in iron absorption through vitamins and minerals.
Lecithoproteins: Contain lecithin found typically in soybeans, which prevents oxidation.
Lipoproteins: Contain lipids.
Metalloproteins: Complexed with metals.

Protein Definitions

True Protein: Composed only of amino acids.
Nonprotein Nitrogen (NPN): Compounds which contain nitrogen but are not classified as true protein.
Crude Protein: Represents total protein, including true protein and other nitrogenous substances.
Digestible Protein: The difference between protein present in feed and protein excreted in feces; indicates the amount of protein digested.

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Description

Explore the classification of proteins through this set of flashcards. Learn about their different types, such as simple proteins and globular proteins, along with key terms associated with their properties. Great for anyone studying biology or biochemistry!