5 Questions
How many genetically encoded (proteinogenic) amino acids are there in the standard genetic code?
20
Which amino acids can be incorporated by special translation mechanisms?
Selenocysteine and pyrrolysine
What are non-proteinogenic amino acids?
All of the above
How are nonribosomal peptides synthesized?
By non-ribosomal peptide synthetases
Which organisms can incorporate selenocysteine into their proteins?
Both eukaryotes and prokaryotes
Study Notes
Amino Acids and Protein Synthesis
- There are 20 genetically encoded (proteinogenic) amino acids in the standard genetic code.
Non-Standard Amino Acids
- Some amino acids can be incorporated into proteins through special translation mechanisms, such as selenocysteine and pyrrolysine.
Non-Proteinogenic Amino Acids
- Non-proteinogenic amino acids are amino acids that are not encoded by the standard genetic code and are not typically found in proteins, such as ornithine and citrulline.
Nonribosomal Peptide Synthesis
- Nonribosomal peptides are synthesized through a process that does not involve the ribosome, instead using large enzyme complexes called nonribosomal peptide synthases.
Selenocysteine Incorporation
- Selenocysteine is a amino acid that can be incorporated into proteins in some organisms, such as bacteria, archaea, and some eukaryotes, through a process that involves a specific tRNA and translation machinery.
Test your knowledge of proteinogenic amino acids with this quiz! Explore the 22 genetically encoded amino acids and their roles in protein biosynthesis. Learn about the standard genetic code and special translation mechanisms that incorporate selenocysteine and pyrrolysine.
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