Protein Synthesis Quiz

<p>Sense codons code for amino acids, while stop codons signal the end of translation. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It means that multiple codons can code for the same amino acid, providing some flexibility. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>eRF1 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It helps in the release of the newly synthesized polypeptide from the ribosome. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It mediates the formation of the peptide bond between amino acids. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is released from the ribosome and recycled back to the cytoplasm. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It unwinds any secondary structures formed in the mRNA. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To transport amino acids to the ribosome during translation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It indicates the sedimentation coefficient of the ribosome (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ambiguity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cytoplasm (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>3 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is the most abundant type of RNA in a cell (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The code is the same for all organisms (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It signals the start of translation and provides a binding site for the initiator tRNA. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It promotes the export of the mRNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm and initiates the pioneer round of translation. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Initiation factors (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>P site (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By the aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It provides energy for the movement of the ribosome along the mRNA. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The presence of a 5' cap on the mRNA. (E)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To attach the correct amino acid to its corresponding tRNA. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The carboxyl group of the amino acid is attached to the first nitrogenous base at the 5' end of tRNA. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To produce a small amount of protein to check for errors. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Translation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Photosynthesis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>mRNA (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The formation of a peptide bond between amino acids (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The process by which proteins are synthesized from mRNA information.

A type of RNA that carries instructions from DNA for protein synthesis.

Molecules that perform various functions such as enzymatic, structural, regulatory, and transport.

Transfer RNA that brings amino acids to the ribosome for protein synthesis.

Ribosomal RNA that forms the core of ribosome's structure and catalyzes protein synthesis.

Proteins serve various functions: enzymatic, structural, regulatory, and transport.

Amino acids are the monomers that link together to form proteins.

Peptide bonds are the links that join amino acids together in polypeptide chains.

A codon is a sequence of three nucleotides that encodes an amino acid in protein synthesis.

The genetic code is degenerate and not ambiguous, meaning multiple codons can code for one amino acid, but each codon codes for one only.

AUG, the codon that starts protein synthesis.

UAA, UAG, UGA; signals to stop protein synthesis.

The genetic code shared across all living organisms.

Links genetic code to amino acids; transports them to ribosomes.

RNA in ribosomes; key role in protein synthesis.

Complex made of rRNA and proteins; site of translation.

Movement of mRNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm after transcription.

Naming each tRNA based on the amino acid it carries (e.g., tRNAPro for proline).

Ribosomes bind near the 5’ end of mRNAs to initiate translation.

The stages of translation include tRNA charging, initiation, elongation, and termination.

tRNA charging is the process of binding tRNAs to their corresponding amino acids.

Initiation factors are proteins necessary for the assembly of the translation machinery.

The initiation of translation involves mRNA binding to the ribosome and starting at the AUG codon.

Elongation is the stage where amino acids are added to the growing polypeptide chain.

Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases attach the correct amino acid to its tRNA.

The specific pairing between a codon on mRNA and its complementary anticodon on tRNA.

A stop codon signals the end of protein synthesis, terminating translation.

A sequence surrounding the start codon (AUG) that aids in its recognition.

eEFs mediate GDP-GTP conversion essential for translation.

A peptide bond is formed between amino acids in A and P sites, releasing amino acid from tRNA.

Termination occurs when a stop codon is reached, with no tRNA available for it.

RFs, including eRF1 and eRF3, mediate the release of tRNA and mRNA and ribosome dissociation.