Protein Synthesis Processes

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What is the primary function of transfer RNA (tRNA) in the process of translation?

To carry a specific amino acid to the ribosome (correct)
To translate mRNA codons into amino acid sequences
To synthesize a polypeptide chain from amino acids
To catalyze peptide bond formation

What is the term for the process by which an amino acid is attached to its corresponding tRNA molecule?

Amino acid activation
Peptidyl transfer
Aminoacylation (correct)
tRNA charging

What is the purpose of the anticodon on a tRNA molecule?

To recognize a complementary mRNA codon (correct)
To initiate translation
To recognize the start codon on mRNA
To bind to the ribosome

What is the role of ribosomes in the process of translation?

To add amino acids to the growing end of a polypeptide chain (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the sequence of events in the process of translation?

Initiation, elongation, termination (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of polyribosomes in translation?

To allow for simultaneous translation of multiple mRNA molecules (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of eukaryotic ribosomes?

They have 5 kinds of rRNA and 80 kinds of proteins (D) Signup and view all the answers

During the elongation stage of translation, what occurs in the A site?

Hydrogen bonding between the mRNA codon and the corresponding anticodon of tRNA (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of a release factor during translation?

To terminate translation by recognizing a stop codon (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of polyribosomes in protein synthesis?

To increase the rate of translation by having multiple ribosomes translate a single mRNA (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum time required for a single ribosome to make a polypeptide?

About 1 minute (C) Signup and view all the answers

During initiation, what is the role of the first amino acid?

It is brought together with the mRNA and the two ribosomal subunits (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase in protein synthesis?

To catalyze the addition of a specific amino acid to a tRNA molecule (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is true?

rRNA is the most abundant type of RNA (A) Signup and view all the answers

During protein synthesis, what is the role of the A site on the ribosome?

It carries the tRNA with the next amino acid (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the P site on the ribosome?

It holds the tRNA carrying the growing polypeptide chain (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the E site on the ribosome?

It is the site where discharged tRNAs exit the ribosome (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about tRNA is true?

tRNA must be activated by attaching to an amino acid (C) Signup and view all the answers