Protein Synthesis Process

Protein Synthesis

• Initiation: Begins with the binding of the initiator tRNA to the small subunit of the ribosome, forming a complex with the mRNA.
• Prokaryotic Initiation: Involves the binding of the 30s subunit to the mRNA, forming a initiation complex.
• A-site: The site on the ribosome where the aminoacyl-tRNA binds during protein synthesis.
• P-site: The site on the ribosome where the peptidyl-tRNA binds during protein synthesis.

Elongation

• Elongation Cycle: Consists of three stages: amino acid binding, peptide bond formation, and translocation.
• EF-Tu: A protein that plays a crucial role in the elongation cycle by bringing the aminoacyl-tRNA to the ribosome.
• EF-G: A protein that facilitates the translocation of the ribosome along the mRNA during protein synthesis.
• GDP: A molecule that plays a role in the elongation cycle by binding to EF-Tu and EF-G.

Termination

• Stop Codons: Specific sequences of nucleotides that signal the termination of protein synthesis.
• Release Factors: Proteins that bind to the stop codons and facilitate the release of the polypeptide chain from the ribosome.
• Termination Complex: The complex formed by the release factors and the ribosome during protein synthesis.

tRNA Binding

• Tucn Binding: The binding of the tRNA to the ribosome during protein synthesis.
• Pepthyl-tRNA: The tRNA that carries the peptide chain during protein synthesis.
• EF-Tu-toxta: The interaction between EF-Tu and the tRNA during protein synthesis.