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Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of ribsomes in protein synthesis?
What is the primary function of ribsomes in protein synthesis?
Which molecule serves as a template for the synthesis of proteins?
Which molecule serves as a template for the synthesis of proteins?
What do stop codons signal during translation?
What do stop codons signal during translation?
How many codons are associated with amino acids in the genetic code?
How many codons are associated with amino acids in the genetic code?
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What is the role of tRNA during protein synthesis?
What is the role of tRNA during protein synthesis?
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Which enzyme is responsible for transcribing DNA into RNA?
Which enzyme is responsible for transcribing DNA into RNA?
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What type of bond holds amino acids together in a protein?
What type of bond holds amino acids together in a protein?
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Why is there more than one codon for some amino acids?
Why is there more than one codon for some amino acids?
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Study Notes
Protein Synthesis
- Proteins are macromolecules composed of amino acids linked together by chains
- Proteins are involved in various functions, including transport, structuring, enzyme activity, and protecting the body
- Proteins are synthesized inside ribosomes
- DNA contains the protein-making instructions that are transported out of the nucleus by mRNA
- Protein synthesis involves two major steps: transcription and translation
Transcription
- Transcription is the process of copying DNA's instructions into mRNA
- DNA polymerase connects the coded message to pairing codons on an RNA strand
- Transcription occurs inside the nucleus
Translation
- Translation is the process of using mRNA instructions to build proteins
- tRNA (transfer RNA) carries amino acids
- tRNA brings amino acids to ribosomes based on mRNA codons
- Amino acids are joined together by peptide bonds to form a protein chain
- Translation continues until a stop codon is reached
mRNA, tRNA, and Codons
- mRNA carries the instructions from DNA to make a protein
- tRNA carries the amino acids to the ribosome
- Codons are three-base sequences on mRNA that code for specific amino acids
- tRNA have anticodons that complement mRNA codons
- Some codons are stop codons, signaling the end of protein synthesis
Multiple Codons/Amino Acids
- More than one mRNA codon can code for the same amino acids
- This means that multiple combinations of codons can code for the same amino acid
- Multiple codons provide a degree of redundancy and robustness in the genetic code
Stop Codons
- tRNA does not have a stop code.
- Stop codons indicate the end of protein synthesis, which is when protein synthesis is complete
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Description
This quiz covers the fundamental processes of protein synthesis, including transcription and translation. You'll learn how DNA instructions are converted into functional proteins with the help of mRNA and tRNA. Test your understanding of these essential biological mechanisms.
