Protein Synthesis PDF

# Protein Synthesis ## ↳ How DNA Makes Protein (To Make Something ### Protein: Macronutrient made of amino acids (bunch of amino acids bunched together) - Linked by chain ### Involved in: - Transport - Structuring - Being enzymes - Protecting body **We need to make proteins to live.** ## Protei...

# Protein Synthesis ## ↳ How DNA Makes Protein (To Make Something ### Protein: Macronutrient made of amino acids (bunch of amino acids bunched together) - Linked by chain ### Involved in: - Transport - Structuring - Being enzymes - Protecting body **We need to make proteins to live.** ## Protein is made inside ribosome DNA contains protein that is transported out of the nucleus by RNA (mRNA) ## Major Steps: - Transcription (1): Transcribe DNA into a message inside nucleus - DNA polymerases then connect coded message to pairing codons on RNA strand - Translation (2): Ribosome builds protein - tRNA transfer RNA - Carry amino acids **building block for protein** ## mRNA tells what tRNA can come in ## ↳ Controls what amino acids can be transferred ## All tRNA's are looking for complementary bases on mRNA ## ↳ Reads in 3 code bases at a time = Codon tRNA reads codon then pair (A, U, T, G, C) and leaves but transfers amino acid. ### Q: Why do we have more than one code? - More than one mRNA codon that codes for the same amino acids. - Meaning their complimentary tRNA's carry the same amino acids. tRNA leaves amino acids and connect with another amino acids. - Held together by peptide bond - Keep connecting until stop codon is reached. - No proteins that can be built ## Do tRNA have a stop code? No - tRNA has no stop code because there's no amino acids complimentary to a stop code. ## Description of Image: A hand-drawn diagram of a table, explaining the "Genetic Code" on a piece of lined paper with a red line down the side. The table shows 64 codons, each associated with the amino acid that they code for. It is organized by 'first letter', 'second letter', and 'third letter' of the codon. Each row is associated with the 'first letter', each column with the 'second letter', and the each row with the 'third letter'. The rows and the columns are arranged by the first, second, and third letters of the codon, respectively. The codons in the table are three-letter codes, and each is associated with an amino acid. UAA, UAG and UGA are the three stop codons. The image also includes hand-drawn diagrams and text that explain the steps involved in protein synthesis. The text is written in a clear and concise way and includes explanations of the different roles of DNA, mRNA, and rRNA in the process. The image is well-organized and visually appealing, and it effectively illustrates the process of protein synthesis.