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What is the name of the macromolecular ribonucleoprotein machine that orchestrates the process of translation?
What is the name of the macromolecular ribonucleoprotein machine that orchestrates the process of translation?
The ribosome.
What is the role of transfer RNA (tRNA) in translation?
What is the role of transfer RNA (tRNA) in translation?
tRNA is used to translate the nucleotide sequence into an amino acid sequence.
What is translation?
What is translation?
Translation is the process of converting genetic information into functional proteins.
What is translation?
What is translation?
What is the role of transfer RNA (tRNA) in translation?
What is the role of transfer RNA (tRNA) in translation?
What is the macromolecular ribonucleoprotein machine involved in translation?
What is the macromolecular ribonucleoprotein machine involved in translation?
What is the name of the macromolecular ribonucleoprotein machine that orchestrates the process of translation?
What is the name of the macromolecular ribonucleoprotein machine that orchestrates the process of translation?
What is the name of the macromolecular ribonucleoprotein machine that orchestrates the process of translation?
What is the name of the macromolecular ribonucleoprotein machine that orchestrates the process of translation?
What catalyzes the loading of the amino acid onto the appropriate tRNA species during translation?
What catalyzes the loading of the amino acid onto the appropriate tRNA species during translation?
What is the role of transfer RNA (tRNA) in translation?
What is the role of transfer RNA (tRNA) in translation?
What is the function of amino acyl tRNA synthetase enzymes in translation?
What is the function of amino acyl tRNA synthetase enzymes in translation?
What is the role of transfer RNA (tRNA) in translation?
What is the role of transfer RNA (tRNA) in translation?
What is the role of amino acyl tRNA synthetase enzymes in translation?
What is the role of amino acyl tRNA synthetase enzymes in translation?
What is the role of amino acyl tRNA synthetase enzymes in translation?
What is the role of amino acyl tRNA synthetase enzymes in translation?
In what direction do tRNAs walk along an mRNA during translation?
In what direction do tRNAs walk along an mRNA during translation?
In what direction do tRNAs walk along an mRNA during translation?
In what direction do tRNAs walk along an mRNA during translation?
In what direction do tRNAs walk along an mRNA during translation?
In what direction do tRNAs walk along an mRNA during translation?
In which direction do tRNAs walk along an mRNA during translation?
In which direction do tRNAs walk along an mRNA during translation?
What are the three binding sites for tRNAs on the ribosome during translation?
What are the three binding sites for tRNAs on the ribosome during translation?
What are the three binding sites for tRNAs on the ribosome during translation?
What are the three binding sites for tRNAs on the ribosome during translation?
What is the initiation phase of translation and what is its purpose?
What is the initiation phase of translation and what is its purpose?
What is the function of initiation factors during the initiation phase of translation?
What is the function of initiation factors during the initiation phase of translation?
What are the three different tRNA binding sites on the ribosome?
What are the three different tRNA binding sites on the ribosome?
What are the names of the three binding sites on the ribosome for different tRNAs?
What are the names of the three binding sites on the ribosome for different tRNAs?
What are the two phases of translation?
What are the two phases of translation?
What occurs during the initiation phase of translation?
What occurs during the initiation phase of translation?
What are the three basic steps of the elongation phase of translation?
What are the three basic steps of the elongation phase of translation?
What are the three basic steps of the elongation phase of translation?
What are the three basic steps of the elongation phase of translation?
What are the three basic steps of the elongation phase of translation?
What are the three basic steps of the elongation phase of translation?
What is the role of release factors in translation?
What is the role of release factors in translation?
What is the role of release factors in translation?
What is the role of release factors in translation?
How is the termination of protein synthesis catalyzed?
How is the termination of protein synthesis catalyzed?
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Study Notes
- Translation is the process of converting genetic information into functional proteins.
- This process is orchestrated by a macromolecular ribonucleoprotein machine called the ribosome.
- Transfer RNA (tRNA) is used to translate the nucleotide sequence into an amino acid sequence.
- Amino acyl tRNA synthetase enzymes catalyze the loading of the amino acid onto the appropriate tRNA species.
- During translation, tRNAs walk along an mRNA in the 5' to 3' direction and sequentially recognize consecutive three nucleotide codons.
- The ribosome has binding sites for three different tRNAs: P site, A site, and E site.
- The initiation phase of translation consists of the small subunit of the ribosome working with various initiation factors to identify the starting AUG codon.
- The elongation phase of translation consists of iterated rounds of amino acid addition and can be broken down into three basic steps: tRNA selection, peptide bond formation, and translocation.
- Stop codons are recognized by protein factors known as release factors, which catalyze a hydrolytic reaction that results in the termination of protein synthesis.
- The final step in protein synthesis is recycling, which promotes the dissociation of the large and small subunits of the ribosome and the release of the remaining mRNA and tRNA components.
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