Protein Synthesis and Secretion in Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
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Questions and Answers

Where do cytoplasmic ribosomes bound to the rough ER synthesize certain proteins?

  • Nucleus
  • Rough ER (correct)
  • Mitochondria
  • Golgi apparatus
  • What is the role of chaperones in the rough ER?

  • Assisting protein folding (correct)
  • Protein degradation
  • Protein synthesis
  • Enzyme activation
  • Which process occurs for secreted proteins in the ER lumen?

  • ATP synthesis
  • Glycosylation and disulfide bond formation (correct)
  • DNA replication
  • Lipid synthesis
  • Which cells produce antibodies?

    <p>Plasma cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are polypeptide hormones insulin and glucagon produced?

    <p>Pancreatic islets of Langerhans</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What renders the outer mitochondrial membrane permeable to molecules?

    <p>Porin proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of infoldings, or cristae, in the inner mitochondrial membrane?

    <p>Increase surface area</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do the initial stages of glucose degradation occur in eukaryotic cells?

    <p>Cytosol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many ATP molecules per glucose molecule are typically generated in the initial stages of glucose degradation in eukaryotic cells?

    <p>2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle contains an extensive internal system of interconnected membrane-limited sacs called thylakoids?

    <p>Chloroplasts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Except for vacuoles, what are the largest and most characteristic organelles in plant and green algae cells?

    <p>Chloroplasts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of transport proteins in the vacuolar membrane of plant cells?

    <p>To allow the passage of water, ions, and nutrients into the vacuoles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do plant vacuoles exert hydrostatic pressure on the cell?

    <p>Because of the influx of water caused by osmosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the space between the inner and outer nuclear membranes in animal cells?

    <p>It is continuous with the lumen of the rough endoplasmic reticulum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the composition of nuclear pores in the nuclear membrane?

    <p>They are composed of specific proteins called nucleoporins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the Golgi complex?

    <p>To transport and modify proteins and lipids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the permeability of the vacuolar membrane to small molecules?

    <p>It is poorly permeable to small molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the transport vesicles that bud from the trans side of the Golgi complex?

    <p>To transport proteins to be secreted and membrane proteins out of the complex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the cis, medial, and trans regions of the stack of Golgi cisternae?

    <p>To modify proteins to be secreted and membrane proteins differently, depending on their structures and their final destinations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the vacuoles in plant cells?

    <p>To store small molecules and enable a cell to elongate rapidly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the luminal enzymes in the Golgi complex?

    <p>To modify proteins to be secreted and membrane proteins differently, depending on their structures and their final destinations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the transport vesicles that fuse with the cis region of the Golgi complex?

    <p>To fuse with the cis region of the Golgi complex and deposit protein contents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the Golgi complex in a cell?

    <p>To modify proteins to be secreted and membrane proteins differently, depending on their structures and their final destinations</p> Signup and view all the answers

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