Protein Synthesis and Secretion in Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Where do cytoplasmic ribosomes bound to the rough ER synthesize certain proteins?

Nucleus
Rough ER (correct)
Mitochondria
Golgi apparatus

What is the role of chaperones in the rough ER?

Assisting protein folding (correct)
Protein degradation
Protein synthesis
Enzyme activation

Which process occurs for secreted proteins in the ER lumen?

ATP synthesis
Glycosylation and disulfide bond formation (correct)
DNA replication
Lipid synthesis

Which cells produce antibodies?

Plasma cells (D) Signup and view all the answers

Where are polypeptide hormones insulin and glucagon produced?

Pancreatic islets of Langerhans (B) Signup and view all the answers

What renders the outer mitochondrial membrane permeable to molecules?

Porin proteins (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of infoldings, or cristae, in the inner mitochondrial membrane?

Increase surface area (C) Signup and view all the answers

Where do the initial stages of glucose degradation occur in eukaryotic cells?

Cytosol (B) Signup and view all the answers

How many ATP molecules per glucose molecule are typically generated in the initial stages of glucose degradation in eukaryotic cells?

2 (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which organelle contains an extensive internal system of interconnected membrane-limited sacs called thylakoids?

Chloroplasts (A) Signup and view all the answers

Except for vacuoles, what are the largest and most characteristic organelles in plant and green algae cells?

Chloroplasts (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of transport proteins in the vacuolar membrane of plant cells?

To allow the passage of water, ions, and nutrients into the vacuoles (A) Signup and view all the answers

Why do plant vacuoles exert hydrostatic pressure on the cell?

Because of the influx of water caused by osmosis (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the space between the inner and outer nuclear membranes in animal cells?

It is continuous with the lumen of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the composition of nuclear pores in the nuclear membrane?

They are composed of specific proteins called nucleoporins (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the Golgi complex?

To transport and modify proteins and lipids (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the permeability of the vacuolar membrane to small molecules?

It is poorly permeable to small molecules (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the transport vesicles that bud from the trans side of the Golgi complex?

To transport proteins to be secreted and membrane proteins out of the complex (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the cis, medial, and trans regions of the stack of Golgi cisternae?

To modify proteins to be secreted and membrane proteins differently, depending on their structures and their final destinations (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the vacuoles in plant cells?

To store small molecules and enable a cell to elongate rapidly (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the luminal enzymes in the Golgi complex?

To modify proteins to be secreted and membrane proteins differently, depending on their structures and their final destinations (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the transport vesicles that fuse with the cis region of the Golgi complex?

To fuse with the cis region of the Golgi complex and deposit protein contents (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the Golgi complex in a cell?