Protein Synthesis

Transfer RNA (tRNA

RNA polymerase

Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase enzymes catalyze the loading of the appropriate amino acid onto tRNA. This step is critical to the overall fidelity of protein synthesis, as it ensures that the correct amino acid is added to the growing polypeptide chain.

The ribosome orchestrates the translation process of mRNA into proteins.

It is the site where the tRNA binds on its way out of the ribosome following the incorporation of its amino acid into the polypeptide chain.

It is the site where the tRNA binds on its way out of the ribosome following the incorporation of its amino acid into the polypeptide chain.

In eukaryotes, the ribosome engages the 5' capped end of the mRNA and scans along until it encounters the 5'-most AUG codon. The 5' cap is significant because it helps to protect the mRNA from degradation and also aids in the recognition and binding of the ribosome.

Transfer RNA (tRNA) is responsible for translating the nucleotide sequence into an amino acid sequence.

The E site is the site where the tRNA binds on its way out of the ribosome following the incorporation of its amino acid into the polypeptide chain. This occurs during the termination phase of translation.

The A site is where the incoming tRNA with the new amino acid to be incorporated binds.

They catalyze the loading of the amino acid onto the appropriate tRNA

Loading of the amino acid onto the appropriate tRNA

It is a poly-purine motif in the mRNA that directly pairs with a poly-pyrimidine motif in the small ribosomal subunit rRNA to position the AUG in the P site

It is the tRNA that is always bound in the central most position in the ribosome and carries the growing polypeptide chain.

The Shine-Dalgarno motif in bacteria is a poly-purine motif in the mRNA, found six to eight nucleotides upstream of the initiator AUG, that directly pairs with a poly-pyrimidine motif in the small ribosomal subunit rRNA to position the AUG in the P site where the initiator tRNA binds to it.

The Shine-Dalgarno motif is a poly-purine motif in the mRNA that pairs with a poly-pyrimidine motif in the small ribosomal subunit rRNA to position the AUG in the P site, where the initiator tRNA binds to it. This aids in translation initiation in bacteria by helping to identify the starting AUG methionine codon.

The three phases of translation are initiation, elongation, and termination.

It is a poly-purine motif in the mRNA, found six to eight nucleotides upstream of the initiator AUG, that directly pairs with a poly-pyrimidine motif in the small ribosomal subunit rRNA to position the AUG in the P site where the initiator tRNA binds to it.

The tRNA that is always bound in the central most position in the ribosome and carries the growing polypeptide chain.

The three phases of translation are initiation, elongation, and termination. During the elongation phase, iterated rounds of amino acid addition occur, resulting in the growing polypeptide chain. The ribosome moves along the mRNA, and incoming tRNAs with new amino acids are added to the A site, forming peptide bonds with the previous amino acid in the chain. The tRNA in the P site then moves to the E site and exits the ribosome.