Science Quiz Protein Synthesis

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Questions and Answers

How many strands of RNA are transcribed from the two unzipped strands?

One

How is the accuracy of mRNA and DNA codes assured?

Proofreading the code

What is mRNA?

mRNA (messenger RNA) copies the message from DNA in the nucleus and carries it to the ribosomes to tell it what proteins it has to produce.

What is tRNA?

tRNA (transfer RNA) carries amino acids to the ribosome and adds them to the growing protein. Signup and view all the answers

What is located at the end of each tRNA molecule?

Amino acids Signup and view all the answers

How many bases are needed to specify an mRNA codon?

Three Signup and view all the answers

What type of bond is formed between amino acids?

(peptide) Covalent bond Signup and view all the answers

What is the first step of protein synthesis?

mRNA enters ribosomes Signup and view all the answers

What is the second step of protein synthesis?

Ribosomes attach to mRNA Signup and view all the answers

What is the third step of protein synthesis?

tRNA attaches to mRNA Signup and view all the answers

What is the fourth step of protein synthesis?

Amino acids join in the ribosome Signup and view all the answers

What is the final step of protein synthesis?

Protein chain forms Signup and view all the answers

What happened during the first step of protein synthesis?

The first step of protein synthesis is called transcription. The DNA transcription to mRNA is actually the first step of protein synthesis. During this step, the instructions encoded in the DNA of the genes are transcribed into the nucleotide sequence code of RNA. Signup and view all the answers

What happened during the second step of protein synthesis?

The process of translation is the second step of protein synthesis. As mentioned, the process of translation happens in the cytoplasm, where mRNA binds with ribosomes. Ribosomes have three spatial regions called binding sites, which play an important role in protein synthesis. Signup and view all the answers

What happened during the final step of protein synthesis?

The peptide chain leaves the ribosome. The N-formyl-methionine that was used to initiate protein synthesis is also hydrolyzed from the completed peptide at this time. The ribosome is now ready to repeat the synthesis several more times. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Protein Synthesis Overview

One strand of RNA is transcribed from the unzipped DNA strands.
mRNA (messenger RNA) transcribes genetic information from DNA and transports it to ribosomes for protein synthesis.
tRNA (transfer RNA) is responsible for transporting amino acids to the ribosome, facilitating protein assembly.

RNA Structure and Function

Each tRNA molecule has amino acids located at its end, which are essential for building proteins.
An mRNA codon comprises three bases that encode for specific amino acids.
Peptide bonds, a type of covalent bond, form between amino acids during protein construction.

Steps of Protein Synthesis

The initial step of protein synthesis is known as transcription, where DNA is copied into mRNA in the nucleus.
The next step involves mRNA entering ribosomes, which are sites for protein synthesis.
Ribosomes attach to mRNA, allowing the translation process to begin in the cytoplasm.
tRNA attaches to the corresponding mRNA codon, bringing specific amino acids to the ribosome.
Within the ribosome, amino acids join together to form a polypeptide chain, which will become a protein.

Completion of Protein Synthesis

The final step involves the complete peptide chain separating from the ribosome.
The initial amino acid used (N-formyl-methionine) is removed from the peptide chain.
The ribosome becomes available to initiate another round of protein synthesis after completion.

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Description

Test your knowledge on protein synthesis with this engaging quiz. Explore the roles of mRNA and tRNA while learning about the transcription process and the accuracy of genetic coding. Perfect for students looking to reinforce their understanding of this critical biological concept.