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Questions and Answers
Which level of protein structure is an alpha helix?
Which level of protein structure is an alpha helix?
- Primary structure
- Quaternary structure
- Secondary structure (correct)
- Tertiary structure
Above a pH 5, why does an alpha helix take on a random coil configuration?
Above a pH 5, why does an alpha helix take on a random coil configuration?
- Increase in hydrophobic interactions
- Formation of disulfide bonds
- Denaturation of the protein
- Ionization of Aspartate residues (correct)
Why do the amino acid substitutions of Lysine to Arginine have little effect on the protein's function?
Why do the amino acid substitutions of Lysine to Arginine have little effect on the protein's function?
- Lysine and Arginine have opposite charges (correct)
- Lysine and Arginine have similar side chain structures
- Lysine and Arginine have similar chemical properties
- Lysine and Arginine have similar molecular weights
Why do the amino acid substitutions of Isoleucine to Leucine have little effect on the protein's function?
Why do the amino acid substitutions of Isoleucine to Leucine have little effect on the protein's function?
What is the function of red blood cells?
What is the function of red blood cells?
How many oxygen molecules can each hemoglobin protein carry?
How many oxygen molecules can each hemoglobin protein carry?
Why do red blood cells not contain a nucleus?
Why do red blood cells not contain a nucleus?
What is sickle cell anemia?
What is sickle cell anemia?
What can happen if sickle cell anemia red blood cells block smaller vessels?
What can happen if sickle cell anemia red blood cells block smaller vessels?
What can sickle cell anemia red blood cells damage over time?
What can sickle cell anemia red blood cells damage over time?
During a sickle cell crisis, what causes the shape of hemoglobin to be altered irreversibly?
During a sickle cell crisis, what causes the shape of hemoglobin to be altered irreversibly?
What is the cause of sickle cell anemia?
What is the cause of sickle cell anemia?
Why does the single amino acid substitution in sickle cell anemia result in significant problems?
Why does the single amino acid substitution in sickle cell anemia result in significant problems?
What are the symptoms of a sickle cell crisis?
What are the symptoms of a sickle cell crisis?
Why can't the red blood cell simply replace irreversibly altered hemoglobin after a sickle cell crisis?
Why can't the red blood cell simply replace irreversibly altered hemoglobin after a sickle cell crisis?
What is the characteristic shape of red blood cells during a sickle cell crisis?
What is the characteristic shape of red blood cells during a sickle cell crisis?
What triggers a sickle cell crisis?
What triggers a sickle cell crisis?
What is the function of hemoglobin in red blood cells?
What is the function of hemoglobin in red blood cells?
What is the result of the substitution of glutamate for Valine in the β hemoglobin subunit?
What is the result of the substitution of glutamate for Valine in the β hemoglobin subunit?
What causes pain during a sickle cell crisis?
What causes pain during a sickle cell crisis?
During a sickle cell crisis, what is the primary cause of the altered shape of red blood cells?
During a sickle cell crisis, what is the primary cause of the altered shape of red blood cells?
What is the result of the substitution of glutamate for Valine in the β hemoglobin subunit?
What is the result of the substitution of glutamate for Valine in the β hemoglobin subunit?
Why does the single amino acid substitution in sickle cell anemia result in significant problems?
Why does the single amino acid substitution in sickle cell anemia result in significant problems?
What triggers a sickle cell crisis?
What triggers a sickle cell crisis?
What are the symptoms of a sickle cell crisis?
What are the symptoms of a sickle cell crisis?
Why can't the red blood cell simply replace irreversibly altered hemoglobin after a sickle cell crisis?
Why can't the red blood cell simply replace irreversibly altered hemoglobin after a sickle cell crisis?
What is the characteristic shape of red blood cells during a sickle cell crisis?
What is the characteristic shape of red blood cells during a sickle cell crisis?
What causes pain during a sickle cell crisis?
What causes pain during a sickle cell crisis?
What can sickle cell anemia red blood cells damage over time?
What can sickle cell anemia red blood cells damage over time?
What is the cause of sickle cell anemia?
What is the cause of sickle cell anemia?
Which level of protein structure is an alpha helix?
Which level of protein structure is an alpha helix?
Above a pH 5, why does an alpha helix take on a random coil configuration?
Above a pH 5, why does an alpha helix take on a random coil configuration?
Why do the amino acid substitutions of Lysine to Arginine have little effect on the protein's function?
Why do the amino acid substitutions of Lysine to Arginine have little effect on the protein's function?
Why do the amino acid substitutions of Isoleucine to Leucine have little effect on the protein's function?
Why do the amino acid substitutions of Isoleucine to Leucine have little effect on the protein's function?
What is the characteristic shape of red blood cells during a sickle cell crisis?
What is the characteristic shape of red blood cells during a sickle cell crisis?
What can happen if sickle cell anemia red blood cells block smaller vessels?
What can happen if sickle cell anemia red blood cells block smaller vessels?
During a sickle cell crisis, what causes the shape of hemoglobin to be altered irreversibly?
During a sickle cell crisis, what causes the shape of hemoglobin to be altered irreversibly?
During a sickle cell crisis, what triggers the alteration in the shape of hemoglobin?
During a sickle cell crisis, what triggers the alteration in the shape of hemoglobin?
What is the primary cause of the altered shape of red blood cells during a sickle cell crisis?
What is the primary cause of the altered shape of red blood cells during a sickle cell crisis?
What are the symptoms of a sickle cell crisis?
What are the symptoms of a sickle cell crisis?
What is the cause of sickle cell anemia?
What is the cause of sickle cell anemia?
Why does the single amino acid substitution in sickle cell anemia result in significant problems?
Why does the single amino acid substitution in sickle cell anemia result in significant problems?
What can happen if sickle cell anemia red blood cells block smaller vessels?
What can happen if sickle cell anemia red blood cells block smaller vessels?
After a sickle cell crisis, why can't the red blood cell simply replace the irreversibly altered hemoglobin?
After a sickle cell crisis, why can't the red blood cell simply replace the irreversibly altered hemoglobin?
Why would the single amino acid substitution result in such a significant problem?
Why would the single amino acid substitution result in such a significant problem?
Which of the following is not a level of protein structure?
Which of the following is not a level of protein structure?
What is the term used to describe the disruption in folding/shape of a protein?
What is the term used to describe the disruption in folding/shape of a protein?
Which type of bonds within proteins can be disrupted by strong acids or bases, organic solvents, salts, and heavy metal ions?
Which type of bonds within proteins can be disrupted by strong acids or bases, organic solvents, salts, and heavy metal ions?
Which heavy metals can denature proteins based on their charge?
Which heavy metals can denature proteins based on their charge?
Which type of amino acid side chain can heavy metals like mercury and lead bind to?
Which type of amino acid side chain can heavy metals like mercury and lead bind to?
Which type of interaction within a protein would be disrupted by heavy metals like mercury and lead?
Which type of interaction within a protein would be disrupted by heavy metals like mercury and lead?
What are some examples of agents that can disrupt the bonds within proteins and denature them?
What are some examples of agents that can disrupt the bonds within proteins and denature them?
Which of the following is NOT a way in which cofactors and coenzymes can help enzymes speed up reactions?
Which of the following is NOT a way in which cofactors and coenzymes can help enzymes speed up reactions?
What effect does temperature have on enzyme activity?
What effect does temperature have on enzyme activity?
How does changing the pH affect enzyme activity?
How does changing the pH affect enzyme activity?
What is the function of a lysosome?
What is the function of a lysosome?
At what pH are lysosomal enzymes active?
At what pH are lysosomal enzymes active?
How can the activity of enzymes be controlled?
How can the activity of enzymes be controlled?
What is an example of genetic regulation of enzyme activity?
What is an example of genetic regulation of enzyme activity?
Which enzyme catalyzes the phosphorylation of glycogen phosphorylase kinase? Is the reaction reversible or irreversible?
Which enzyme catalyzes the phosphorylation of glycogen phosphorylase kinase? Is the reaction reversible or irreversible?
What is the role of covalent modification in enzyme regulation?
What is the role of covalent modification in enzyme regulation?
Which type of enzyme regulation involves the binding of an effector molecule to an allosteric site?
Which type of enzyme regulation involves the binding of an effector molecule to an allosteric site?
What effect does high levels of ATP have on phosphofructokinase-1 (PFK-1)?
What effect does high levels of ATP have on phosphofructokinase-1 (PFK-1)?
How does compartmentalization of enzymes via membrane-bound organelles contribute to enzyme regulation?
How does compartmentalization of enzymes via membrane-bound organelles contribute to enzyme regulation?
Which metabolic pathways are commonly compartmentalized in different areas of the cell?
Which metabolic pathways are commonly compartmentalized in different areas of the cell?
What triggers the irreversible covalent modification of enzymes?
What triggers the irreversible covalent modification of enzymes?
Which subunit of allosteric enzymes contains the allosteric site?
Which subunit of allosteric enzymes contains the allosteric site?
What effect does an effector molecule have on the binding of the substrate to an allosteric enzyme?
What effect does an effector molecule have on the binding of the substrate to an allosteric enzyme?
Enzymes are an example of a type of __________ protein.
Enzymes are an example of a type of __________ protein.
Enzymes speed up a reaction by lowering the __________ energy of the reaction.
Enzymes speed up a reaction by lowering the __________ energy of the reaction.
The minimal amount of energy needed to make/break the bonds necessary for a reaction to occur is called __________ energy.
The minimal amount of energy needed to make/break the bonds necessary for a reaction to occur is called __________ energy.
Enzyme molecules contain a special cleft called the __________ site.
Enzyme molecules contain a special cleft called the __________ site.
Enzymes are highly specific and only a substrate of the correct __________ and shape can enter into the active site.
Enzymes are highly specific and only a substrate of the correct __________ and shape can enter into the active site.
Which amino acid side chain can function easily as an acid or a base?
Which amino acid side chain can function easily as an acid or a base?
Enzymes often have help from cofactors and coenzymes. Cofactors are typically __________ cations.
Enzymes often have help from cofactors and coenzymes. Cofactors are typically __________ cations.
Which enzyme is responsible for the phosphorylation of glycogen phosphorylase kinase?
Which enzyme is responsible for the phosphorylation of glycogen phosphorylase kinase?
What type of modification inhibits the activity of phosphofructokinase-1 (PFK-1)?
What type of modification inhibits the activity of phosphofructokinase-1 (PFK-1)?
What effect does high levels of ATP have on phosphofructokinase-1 (PFK-1)?
What effect does high levels of ATP have on phosphofructokinase-1 (PFK-1)?
What effect does high levels of AMP have on phosphofructokinase-1 (PFK-1)?
What effect does high levels of AMP have on phosphofructokinase-1 (PFK-1)?
What is the purpose of compartmentalization in enzyme regulation?
What is the purpose of compartmentalization in enzyme regulation?
Which metabolic pathway is commonly compartmentalized in different areas of the cell?
Which metabolic pathway is commonly compartmentalized in different areas of the cell?
What type of modification involves the cleavage of peptide bonds in proenzymes or zymogens?
What type of modification involves the cleavage of peptide bonds in proenzymes or zymogens?
What effect does an effector molecule have on the binding of the substrate to an allosteric enzyme?
What effect does an effector molecule have on the binding of the substrate to an allosteric enzyme?
Which subunit of allosteric enzymes contains the allosteric site?
Which subunit of allosteric enzymes contains the allosteric site?
What is the reaction catalyzed by phosphofructokinase-1 (PFK-1)? Is it reversible or irreversible?
What is the reaction catalyzed by phosphofructokinase-1 (PFK-1)? Is it reversible or irreversible?
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