Podcast
Questions and Answers
Match the protein structure with their descriptions:
Match the protein structure with their descriptions:
Primary Structure = The linear sequence of amino acids. Secondary Structure = Local folding patterns such as alpha helices and beta sheets. Tertiary Structure = The overall three-dimensional shape of a single polypeptide chain. Quaternary Structure = The arrangement of multiple polypeptide subunits in a protein complex.
Match the enzyme or protein with its specific allosteric property:
Match the enzyme or protein with its specific allosteric property:
Hemoglobin = Its oxygen-binding affinity is affected by the binding of oxygen to other subunits. Phosphofructokinase = An enzyme in glycolysis regulated by ATP and other metabolites. Aspartate transcarbamoylase = Inhibited by CTP, the end product of the pyrimidine synthesis pathway it initiates. Glycogen phosphorylase = Activated by AMP and inhibited by ATP, reflecting the energy charge of the cell.
Match the term with its description in the context of DNA replication:
Match the term with its description in the context of DNA replication:
Helicase = Unwinds the DNA double helix at the replication fork. DNA polymerase = Synthesizes new DNA strands by adding nucleotides to the 3' end of a primer. Primase = Synthesizes short RNA primers to initiate DNA synthesis. Ligase = Joins Okazaki fragments on the lagging strand.
Match the nitrogenous base with its classification:
Match the nitrogenous base with its classification:
Match the components of the central dogma of molecular biology with their appropriate steps.
Match the components of the central dogma of molecular biology with their appropriate steps.
Flashcards
Quaternary Protein Structure
Quaternary Protein Structure
The complete, functional protein formed by multiple polypeptide chains coming together.
Protein Renaturation
Protein Renaturation
A reversible process in which a protein returns to its correct shape after being denatured.
DNA Helicase
DNA Helicase
An enzyme that unwinds the DNA double helix during replication.
Transcription
Transcription
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Chargaff's Rule
Chargaff's Rule
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Study Notes
- Spatial arrangement of subunits is present
- Protein possessing a fourth-order structure is an oligomer
- Fourth-order structure consist of polypeptide chains named protomers
Protein Structures
- Allosteric property causes change from one conformation to another
- Erythrocyte proteins exhibit the allosteric property
- Spatial conformation change causes denaturation
- Natural structure change causes denaturation
- During denaturation molecules are released, loosing their biological activity
- Weak hydrogen and ionic bonds are broken, forming coagulation
- Renaturation is the return to the original conformation
Discoveries related to Nucleus Acid
- Scientists Watson and Crick discovered DNA
- Miescher discovered nucleic acids
- Nucleotide is the monomer of DNA
- DNA has a twisted polynucleotide strand and double helix
- Bond in the primary structure of DNA is phosphodiester
- Bond in the secondary structure of DNA is hydrogen
- Replication is the self-replication process of DNA
- Helicase breaks hydrogen bonds in DNA
- Diploid chromosomes number are perserved is somatic cells by replication
- Genetic code encodes the amino acid sequence of proteins in DNA molecules
- Each DNA strand performs the function of a template
- mRNA function in the DNA template is transcription
- Synthesis of a polypeptide chain in the mRNA template is translation
Models for DNA Replication
- Conservative
- Semi-conservative
- Dispersive
- With conservative replication, both strands are preserved
- With dispersive replication, both strands are fragmented
- With semi-conservative replication, both strands are partially preserved
- DNA helix divides into short pieces with dispersive model
- Meselson and Stahl proved that DNA replication is semi-conservative
Nitrogenous Bases
- Purine bases: Adenine, guanine
- Pyrimidine bases: Cytosine, thymine, uracil
- Chargaff's rule describes the quantitative indicators of nitrogenous bases in DNA
- Matrix (mRNA)
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Description
This lesson covers the spatial arrangement of protein subunits, the nature of oligomers, and the concept of protomers. It also highlights allosteric properties, denaturation, and renaturation in proteins. Additionally, it covers the structure of nucleic acids and key discoveries related to DNA.
