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Questions and Answers
What percentage of proteins is nitrogen?
16%
How many amino acids are proteins made of?
20
Which phase involves gastric digestion of dietary protein?
During gastric digestion, pepsinogen gets activated to _____ by autoactivation.
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Phase 2 of protein digestion occurs in the stomach.
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What is the role of trypsin in protein digestion?
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Which hormone is involved in the regulation of pancreatic enzyme secretion during protein digestion?
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Study Notes
Protein functions
- Proteins are vital for numerous functions in the body including blood stability, muscle function, biochemical reactions, signaling, and enzyme activity.
Protein structure
- Proteins are composed of 20 amino acids.
Protein recommendations
- The CDC provides recommendations for protein intake.
Protein digestion
- The digestive process of proteins occurs in three phases:
- Phase 1: Gastric digestion - Protein is denatured by stomach acid and further broken down by pepsin.
- Phase 2: Digestion by pancreatic proteases - Pancreatic enzymes, such as trypsin, chymotrypsin, and elastase, further break down protein chains into smaller peptides.
- Phase 3: Digestion at the brush border - Peptides are further digested into amino acids by enzymes located on the brush border of the small intestine.
Protein absorption
- Amino acids are absorbed into the bloodstream from the small intestine.
- Dietary protein is broken down into free amino acids, which are absorbed into the blood stream.
Body amino acid pool
- The body maintains an amino acid pool, which is a reservoir of amino acids circulating in the blood that can be used for protein synthesis or other biological processes.
Amino acid availability
- There is a continuous cycle between dietary amino acids and the body amino acid pool, and a balance between synthesis and degradation of amino acids.
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Description
This quiz covers the essential roles of proteins in the body, their structure, and the digestion process. Learn about the phases of protein digestion, recommendations for protein intake, and how amino acids are absorbed in the bloodstream. Test your understanding of these fundamental concepts in nutrition.
