Protein degradation
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is a nonessential amino acid that can be made from a glycolytic intermediate?

  • Valine
  • Glycine
  • Alanine
  • Serine (correct)

    • Which enzyme is responsible for the conversion of 3-phosphoserine to serine?

  • Dehydrogenase
  • Phosphoserine phosphatase (correct)
  • Serine hydroxymethyltransferase
  • Aminopeptidase

    • Which amino acid can be made from serine?

  • Glycine (correct)
  • Valine
  • Leucine
  • Alanine

    • What is the primary use of amino acids in the body?

    <p>Building blocks for protein synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of intracellular protein degradation?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can degrading proteins regulate biological and metabolic processes?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about protein degradation?

    <p>Protein degradation can occur from the breakdown of ingested proteins or cellular proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended daily protein requirement for the average adult?

    <p>0.8 g/kg of body weight</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is nitrogen balance?

    <p>The amount of nitrogen ingested is equal to the amount of nitrogen excreted</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When does a negative nitrogen balance occur?

    <p>During starvation or physical trauma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the chemical score used to assess in the protein quality of food?

    <p>The ratio of essential amino acids in particular foods to the reference diet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are some amino acids considered essential and must be obtained from the diet?

    <p>Because they cannot be synthesized by the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle is responsible for the degradation of obsolete or unused proteins in the cytoplasm?

    <p>Lysosome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the regulatory cap complex in the proteasome?

    <p>To control access to the proteasomal interior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme type is responsible for removing ubiquitin from target proteins?

    <p>Deubiquitinating enzyme (DUB)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the pH range of lysosomes, where they function optimally?

    <p>4-5</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following diseases is NOT associated with proteins involved in the ubiquitin conjugating pathway?

    <p>Multiple myeloma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first therapeutic proteasome inhibitor approved in the US for the treatment of relapsed multiple myeloma?

    <p>VELCADE (bortezomib)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about protein degradation?

    <p>Protein degradation allows the cell to maintain sensitivity to cellular signals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which pathway is involved in the degradation of intracellular proteins?

    <p>Ubiquitin-proteasome pathway</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of ubiquitin in protein degradation?

    <p>Ubiquitin is a tag that marks proteins for destruction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of E3 in the ubiquitin-protein complex formation?

    <p>E3 transfers ubiquitin from E2 to a lysine residue in the target protein.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is required for the degradation of a target protein?

    <p>Polyubiquitination using K48 linkages within the ubiquitin protein.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to ubiquitin-tagged proteins in proteasomal degradation?

    <p>They are degraded by the proteasome.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a source of amino acids for cellular metabolism?

    <p>Essential amino acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of intracellular protein degradation?

    <p>To regulate cholesterol biosynthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which pathway is responsible for the degradation of proteins through ubiquitin conjugation and proteasomal degradation?

    <p>Ubiquitin-proteasome pathway</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the therapeutic role of proteasome inhibitors in the treatment of cancer?

    <p>To induce apoptosis in cancer cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of lysosomal degradation of proteins?

    <p>Autophagy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are two methods by which the protein quality of foods can be assessed?

    <p>Dietary protein digestion and nitrogen balance</p> Signup and view all the answers

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