Protein and Amino Acids Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which type of protein is considered 'low quality' and typically derived from plant sources?

Incomplete protein (correct)

Complete protein

Complementary protein

High-quality protein

What is one of the functions of proteins in the body related to maintaining homeostasis?

Creating neurotransmitters

Storing glucose

Regulating body temperature

Blood clotting (correct)

Which factor is NOT known to cause denaturation of proteins?

High salt concentrations

Heat

Alcohol

Cold temperatures (correct)

Which combination of foods exemplifies complementary proteins?

Rice and beans Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary source of complete proteins?

Animal products Signup and view all the answers

Which type of vegetarian excludes both dairy and eggs from their diet?

Vegan Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a reason why proteins might be used as a source of energy?

Insufficient carbohydrate intake Signup and view all the answers

What role do proteins play in the immune system?

They act as antibodies to protect against disease. Signup and view all the answers

What is the RDA of protein expressed in grams for a person who weighs 70 kg?

56 grams Signup and view all the answers

Which demographic is specifically mentioned as needing more protein?

Elderly people Signup and view all the answers

High protein diets potentially increase the risk of which health issue?

Kidney disease Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a consequence of excessive protein intake from animal sources?

High cholesterol and heart disease Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of calories should ideally come from protein intake?

10% to 35% Signup and view all the answers

Excessive protein intake may lead to which of the following regarding bone health?

Possible bone loss Signup and view all the answers

Which specific food type is indicated as associated with an increased risk of colon cancer?

Red and processed meat Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the severe consequences of protein deficiency mentioned?

Eventually leading to death Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of the human body is composed of proteins?

20 percent Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly describes the relationship between amino acids and proteins?

Proteins are large complex molecules made up of amino acids. Signup and view all the answers

How many essential amino acids must be obtained from food?

9 essential amino acids Signup and view all the answers

What is denaturation in the context of proteins?

The alteration of protein structure without breaking peptide bonds. Signup and view all the answers

What determines the daily protein needs of an individual?

Daily activity level, age, and muscle mass. Signup and view all the answers

What is an incomplete protein?

A protein that lacks only one essential amino acid. Signup and view all the answers

What effects can result from an inadequate protein intake?

Protein deficiency diseases Signup and view all the answers

What role does the side chain of an amino acid have?

It determines the chemical identity and properties of the amino acid. Signup and view all the answers

What is a common consequence of protein deficiency?

Reduced absorption of food Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom is specifically associated with marasmus?

Severe muscle wasting Signup and view all the answers

In Kwashiorkor, what is a typical dietary issue?

Low protein intake Signup and view all the answers

What is the initial step in the treatment of severe protein deficiency?

Address life-threatening factors Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a symptom of Kwashiorkor?

Severe muscle wasting Signup and view all the answers

Which complication can arise from untreated protein deficiency?

Septicemia Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the diet leading to Kwashiorkor?

High in grains and low in protein Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about marasmus is correct?

It results from inadequate intake of protein, energy, and other nutrients. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

What is Protein?

Large complex molecules composed of amino acids
Amino acids are commonly called protein's building blocks
Amino acids are composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen
Some amino acids also contain sulfur

Amino Acids

All amino acids have the same simple chemical backbone
Each amino acid also has a distinctive chemical side chain attached
The side chains make the amino acids differ in size, shape, and electrical charge

Essential vs. Non-essential Amino Acids

There are 20 different amino acids used to make proteins
11 non-essential amino acids are produced by the body
9 essential amino acids must be obtained from food

Types of Proteins in Food

Incomplete protein: does not contain all essential amino acids and is considered “low quality” protein
Complete protein: contains sufficient amounts of all 9 essential amino acids and is considered a “high quality” protein
Complementary proteins: two protein sources that together supply all 9 essential amino acids

Best Sources of Protein

Animal sources: meat, poultry, fish, eggs, dairy products
Plant sources: beans, lentils, tofu, nuts, seeds, quinoa

Functions of Proteins in the Body

Maintain body tissues and wound healing
Functions as enzymes and hormones
Help maintain acid-base balance (pH)
Blood clotting
Gene regulation
Assist the immune system
Balance the Fluid
Make Antibodies to protect against disease
Serve as a source of energy when necessary

Protein Digestion and Absorption

The process begins in the stomach
Stomach acid denatures proteins
further digestion occurs in the small intestine

Role of Proteins in Foods: Denaturation

Refers to the physical changes that take place in protein exposed to abnormal conditions in the environment
Denaturing of proteins happens during food preparation (cooking, whipping, adding acids) or digestion (in the stomach with hydrochloric acid).
Factors that cause denaturation: heat, acids, bases, alcohol, high salt concentrations

Types of Vegetarians

Lacto-ovo: eats dairy products and eggs
Lacto-vegetarian: eats dairy products, but not eggs
Ovo-vegetarian: eats eggs, but not dairy products
Vegan: does not eat dairy, eggs, or any type of animal product or by-product

How Much Protein Should We Eat?

Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) is 0.8 grams of protein per kilogram of body weight
Athletes may need slightly more protein (1.2-1.7 g/kg)
10% to 35% of calories should come from protein

Factors that Determine Protein Needs

Age
Gender
Health status
Body Size
Activity level

Protein Deficiency & Excess

Health Consequences of Too Much Protein in the Diet: high cholesterol, potential bone loss, kidney disease, colon cancer
Health Consequences of Too Little Protein: cells lining the GI tract are not sufficiently replaced, digestive function is inhibited, absorption of food is reduced, immune system cannot fight infection

Two Common Forms of Protein Deficiency

Marasmus - severe wasting of muscle tissue, stunted growth, anemia
Kwashiorkor - swelling of the feet and abdomen, poor skin health, poor growth and development, hair loss

Protein Deficiency Treatments

Medical and nutritional treatment can dramatically reduce mortality rate
Treatment Steps: address life-threatening factors, restore depleted tissue, transition to foods and introduce physical activity

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Description

Test your knowledge on proteins and amino acids with this quiz. Explore the differences between essential and non-essential amino acids and the types of proteins found in food. Challenge yourself to identify key concepts about protein structure and function.