Prostate Cancer Treatment and Management
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Questions and Answers

What is the most common cause of bladder obstruction in men over the age of 50?

  • Testicular cancer
  • Benign prostatic hyperplasia (correct)
  • Acute bacterial prostatitis
  • Prostate cancer

    • Which diagnostic test is recommended to rule out upper tract pathology in patients with suspected BPH?

  • Urinalysis
  • Abdominal ultrasound (correct)
  • Serum creatinine and BUN
  • Prostate specific antigen (PSA)

    • What does a prostate specific antigen (PSA) level greater than four nanograms per milliliter indicate?

  • Prostate disease (correct)
  • Bladder obstruction
  • Urinary frequency
  • Benign prostatic hyperplasia

    • What are the two main classes of medications used for the management of BPH?

    <p>Alpha-adrenergic antagonists and 5-alpha reductase inhibitors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended management approach for testicular cancers?

    <p>Surgical intervention and radical orchiectomy regardless of staging</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the common causes of erectile dysfunction mentioned in the text?

    <p>Stress, atherosclerosis, diabetes, and recreational drugs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to use phosphodiesterase inhibitors with caution?

    <p>They can interact negatively with nitrates, causing hypotension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the potential side effects of phosphodiesterase inhibitors mentioned in the text?

    <p>Optic neuropathy, hearing loss, priapism, and hypotension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first line option for moderate to severe and bothersome urinary tract symptoms in BPH?

    <p>Doxazosin and Tamsulosin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication class works by blocking the conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone, reducing the prostatic volume?

    <p>5a-Reductase inhibitors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended duration of antibiotic therapy for acute bacterial prostatitis?

    <p>4-6 weeks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication class is used in patients with refractory hematuria after other causes have been ruled out?

    <p>5a-Reductase inhibitors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common adverse effect of alpha-adrenergic antagonists?

    <p>Orthostatic hypotension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main benefit of using 5a-Reductase inhibitors in patients with enlarged prostates?

    <p>Reduced risk of urinary retention</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication should not be used in patients without evidence of enlarged prostates?

    <p>Finasteride</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first line treatment for acute bacterial prostatitis?

    <p>Antimicrobial therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication class is recommended for symptomatic relief of lower urinary tract symptoms in chronic bacterial prostatitis?

    <p>Alpha-1-blockers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main effect of 5a-Reductase inhibitors on prostate volume?

    <p>Gradual reduction in prostate volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication class is used for analgesia in prostatitis?

    <p>NSAIDs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main effect of alpha-adrenergic antagonists on the smooth muscle?

    <p>Relaxation of smooth muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the second most common cancer among men in the United States?

    <p>Prostate cancer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the possible treatment options for prostate cancer?

    <p>Surgery, radiation, and hormone therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal PSA value for a male aged 60 to 69 years?

    <p>Less than 4.5</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended age for boys with cryptorchidism to undergo orchiopexy?

    <p>Before age 13</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common type of testicular cancer?

    <p>Seminoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the signs and symptoms of advanced stage prostate cancer?

    <p>Bone pain from metastasis and uremia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the gold standard for diagnosing testicular cancer?

    <p>Scrotal ultrasound</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended PSA value for a male aged 40 to 49 years?

    <p>$\lt$2.5$ ng/mL</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is NOT a known risk factor for testicular cancer?

    <p>$LDL$ level</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the possible options for treating refractory cases of prostate cancer?

    <p>$\alpha$-blockers, radical TURP, and open prostatectomy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the likely assessment findings in testicular cancer?

    <p>Solid firm, non-tender unilateral testicular mass and hydrocele</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of intermittent antimicrobial treatment in refractory cases of prostate cancer?

    <p>Managing acute symptomatic episodes such as cystitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

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