Prostate Cancer Treatment and Management

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What is the most common cause of bladder obstruction in men over the age of 50?

Testicular cancer

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (correct)

Acute bacterial prostatitis

Prostate cancer

Which diagnostic test is recommended to rule out upper tract pathology in patients with suspected BPH?

Urinalysis

Abdominal ultrasound (correct)

Serum creatinine and BUN

Prostate specific antigen (PSA)

What does a prostate specific antigen (PSA) level greater than four nanograms per milliliter indicate?

Prostate disease (correct)

Bladder obstruction

Urinary frequency

Benign prostatic hyperplasia

What are the two main classes of medications used for the management of BPH?

Alpha-adrenergic antagonists and 5-alpha reductase inhibitors Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended management approach for testicular cancers?

Surgical intervention and radical orchiectomy regardless of staging Signup and view all the answers

What are the common causes of erectile dysfunction mentioned in the text?

Stress, atherosclerosis, diabetes, and recreational drugs Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to use phosphodiesterase inhibitors with caution?

They can interact negatively with nitrates, causing hypotension Signup and view all the answers

What are the potential side effects of phosphodiesterase inhibitors mentioned in the text?

Optic neuropathy, hearing loss, priapism, and hypotension Signup and view all the answers

What is the first line option for moderate to severe and bothersome urinary tract symptoms in BPH?

Doxazosin and Tamsulosin Signup and view all the answers

Which medication class works by blocking the conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone, reducing the prostatic volume?

5a-Reductase inhibitors Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended duration of antibiotic therapy for acute bacterial prostatitis?

4-6 weeks Signup and view all the answers

Which medication class is used in patients with refractory hematuria after other causes have been ruled out?

5a-Reductase inhibitors Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common adverse effect of alpha-adrenergic antagonists?

Orthostatic hypotension Signup and view all the answers

What is the main benefit of using 5a-Reductase inhibitors in patients with enlarged prostates?

Reduced risk of urinary retention Signup and view all the answers

Which medication should not be used in patients without evidence of enlarged prostates?

Finasteride Signup and view all the answers

What is the first line treatment for acute bacterial prostatitis?

Antimicrobial therapy Signup and view all the answers

Which medication class is recommended for symptomatic relief of lower urinary tract symptoms in chronic bacterial prostatitis?

Alpha-1-blockers Signup and view all the answers

What is the main effect of 5a-Reductase inhibitors on prostate volume?

Gradual reduction in prostate volume Signup and view all the answers

Which medication class is used for analgesia in prostatitis?

NSAIDs Signup and view all the answers

What is the main effect of alpha-adrenergic antagonists on the smooth muscle?

Relaxation of smooth muscle Signup and view all the answers

What is the second most common cancer among men in the United States?

Prostate cancer Signup and view all the answers

What are the possible treatment options for prostate cancer?

Surgery, radiation, and hormone therapy Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal PSA value for a male aged 60 to 69 years?

Less than 4.5 Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended age for boys with cryptorchidism to undergo orchiopexy?

Before age 13 Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common type of testicular cancer?

Seminoma Signup and view all the answers

What are the signs and symptoms of advanced stage prostate cancer?

Bone pain from metastasis and uremia Signup and view all the answers

What is the gold standard for diagnosing testicular cancer?

Scrotal ultrasound Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended PSA value for a male aged 40 to 49 years?

$\lt$2.5$ ng/mL Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is NOT a known risk factor for testicular cancer?

$LDL$ level Signup and view all the answers

What are the possible options for treating refractory cases of prostate cancer?

$\alpha$-blockers, radical TURP, and open prostatectomy Signup and view all the answers

What are the likely assessment findings in testicular cancer?

Solid firm, non-tender unilateral testicular mass and hydrocele Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of intermittent antimicrobial treatment in refractory cases of prostate cancer?

Managing acute symptomatic episodes such as cystitis Signup and view all the answers