Prostate Cancer Treatment and Management

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Questions and Answers

What is the most common cause of bladder obstruction in men over the age of 50?

  • Testicular cancer
  • Benign prostatic hyperplasia (correct)
  • Acute bacterial prostatitis
  • Prostate cancer

Which diagnostic test is recommended to rule out upper tract pathology in patients with suspected BPH?

  • Urinalysis
  • Abdominal ultrasound (correct)
  • Serum creatinine and BUN
  • Prostate specific antigen (PSA)

What does a prostate specific antigen (PSA) level greater than four nanograms per milliliter indicate?

  • Prostate disease (correct)
  • Bladder obstruction
  • Urinary frequency
  • Benign prostatic hyperplasia

What are the two main classes of medications used for the management of BPH?

<p>Alpha-adrenergic antagonists and 5-alpha reductase inhibitors (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended management approach for testicular cancers?

<p>Surgical intervention and radical orchiectomy regardless of staging (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the common causes of erectile dysfunction mentioned in the text?

<p>Stress, atherosclerosis, diabetes, and recreational drugs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to use phosphodiesterase inhibitors with caution?

<p>They can interact negatively with nitrates, causing hypotension (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the potential side effects of phosphodiesterase inhibitors mentioned in the text?

<p>Optic neuropathy, hearing loss, priapism, and hypotension (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the first line option for moderate to severe and bothersome urinary tract symptoms in BPH?

<p>Doxazosin and Tamsulosin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which medication class works by blocking the conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone, reducing the prostatic volume?

<p>5a-Reductase inhibitors (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended duration of antibiotic therapy for acute bacterial prostatitis?

<p>4-6 weeks (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which medication class is used in patients with refractory hematuria after other causes have been ruled out?

<p>5a-Reductase inhibitors (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common adverse effect of alpha-adrenergic antagonists?

<p>Orthostatic hypotension (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main benefit of using 5a-Reductase inhibitors in patients with enlarged prostates?

<p>Reduced risk of urinary retention (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which medication should not be used in patients without evidence of enlarged prostates?

<p>Finasteride (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the first line treatment for acute bacterial prostatitis?

<p>Antimicrobial therapy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which medication class is recommended for symptomatic relief of lower urinary tract symptoms in chronic bacterial prostatitis?

<p>Alpha-1-blockers (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main effect of 5a-Reductase inhibitors on prostate volume?

<p>Gradual reduction in prostate volume (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which medication class is used for analgesia in prostatitis?

<p>NSAIDs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main effect of alpha-adrenergic antagonists on the smooth muscle?

<p>Relaxation of smooth muscle (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the second most common cancer among men in the United States?

<p>Prostate cancer (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the possible treatment options for prostate cancer?

<p>Surgery, radiation, and hormone therapy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal PSA value for a male aged 60 to 69 years?

<p>Less than 4.5 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended age for boys with cryptorchidism to undergo orchiopexy?

<p>Before age 13 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common type of testicular cancer?

<p>Seminoma (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the signs and symptoms of advanced stage prostate cancer?

<p>Bone pain from metastasis and uremia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the gold standard for diagnosing testicular cancer?

<p>Scrotal ultrasound (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended PSA value for a male aged 40 to 49 years?

<p>$\lt$2.5$ ng/mL (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is NOT a known risk factor for testicular cancer?

<p>$LDL$ level (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the possible options for treating refractory cases of prostate cancer?

<p>$\alpha$-blockers, radical TURP, and open prostatectomy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the likely assessment findings in testicular cancer?

<p>Solid firm, non-tender unilateral testicular mass and hydrocele (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of intermittent antimicrobial treatment in refractory cases of prostate cancer?

<p>Managing acute symptomatic episodes such as cystitis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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