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Questions and Answers
What are the two types of bonds found in a water molecule?
What are the two types of bonds found in a water molecule?
Covalent bonds and hydrogen bonds
What is the angle between the two hydrogen atoms in a water molecule?
What is the angle between the two hydrogen atoms in a water molecule?
Hydrogen bonds between water molecules are stronger than covalent bonds between the atoms in the same molecules.
Hydrogen bonds between water molecules are stronger than covalent bonds between the atoms in the same molecules.
False
Which of the following is NOT a physical property of water?
Which of the following is NOT a physical property of water?
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Match the following states of water with their corresponding forms:
Match the following states of water with their corresponding forms:
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The boiling point of pure water at normal atmospheric pressure is 100°C.
The boiling point of pure water at normal atmospheric pressure is 100°C.
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Why does ice float on water?
Why does ice float on water?
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What is the process called when water is broken down into hydrogen and oxygen gas by electricity?
What is the process called when water is broken down into hydrogen and oxygen gas by electricity?
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Which of the following is NOT a type of water pollution?
Which of the following is NOT a type of water pollution?
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What is the main cause of biological water pollution?
What is the main cause of biological water pollution?
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Which of the following is NOT a harm caused by chemical pollution?
Which of the following is NOT a harm caused by chemical pollution?
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Thermal pollution can be caused by the release of hot water from nuclear reactors.
Thermal pollution can be caused by the release of hot water from nuclear reactors.
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What is the main reason for protecting water from pollution in Egypt?
What is the main reason for protecting water from pollution in Egypt?
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What is the main problem with storing tap water in plastic bottles for a long time?
What is the main problem with storing tap water in plastic bottles for a long time?
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Raising environmental awareness among people can help protect water from pollution.
Raising environmental awareness among people can help protect water from pollution.
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Study Notes
Water Properties
- Water is a polar molecule, formed by one oxygen atom and two hydrogen atoms, joined by single covalent bonds.
- The angle between the bonds is 104.5°.
- Water molecules attract each other through weak electrostatic forces called hydrogen bonds.
- These hydrogen bonds are weaker than covalent bonds but critically important for influencing water's properties due to the high electronegativity of oxygen compared to hydrogen.
Physical Properties of Water
- Exists in three states at ordinary temperatures: solid (ice), liquid (water), and gaseous (water vapor).
- Water is a good solvent, dissolving many ionic compounds (like sodium chloride) and some covalent compounds (like sugar), which can form hydrogen bonds with water.
- Covalent compounds like oil cannot dissolve in water because they cannot form hydrogen bonds.
- Water has unusually high boiling and freezing points compared to similar-sized molecules.
- The density of ice is less than that of liquid water; ice floats. This is due to the hydrogen bonds creating more space between molecules in the solid state.
Chemical Properties of Water
- Neutral pH, meaning it doesn't affect litmus paper.
- Electrolysis of water decomposes it into hydrogen and oxygen, with the volume of hydrogen twice that of oxygen. (2H₂O → 2H₂ + O₂)
Water Pollution
- Pollution results from increased agricultural, industrial, and developmental activities.
- Water pollution is the introduction of substances that negatively affect water quality. This impacts the health and life of living creatures.
- Water pollutants are broadly classified as natural (e.g., lightning, volcanic eruptions) and artificial (e.g., pesticides, sewage, industrial waste).
- Various types of pollution exist including biological (e.g., animal waste), chemical (e.g., industrial runoff), thermal (e.g., cooling water from nuclear reactors), and radioactive (e.g., nuclear waste). Each type has different impacts on aquatic environments and human health.
Protecting Water Sources
- Several measures protect water from pollution, such as:
- Preventing waste disposal into water bodies.
- Disinfection of water storage tanks.
- Avoiding storing tap water in plastic containers.
- Promoting awareness about water conservation and pollution prevention.
- Establishing water purification stations and analyzing water quality regularly.
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Description
Test your knowledge about the unique properties of water, including its molecular structure, states of matter, and bonding characteristics. This quiz covers key concepts such as polar molecules and the significance of hydrogen bonds in water's behavior.
