Water Properties and Molecular Structure

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What type of electrical charge does the oxygen atom carry in a water molecule?

No charge

Fully negative

Partially positive δ+

Partially negative δ- (correct)

What property of water is a result of the polarity of water molecules?

High boiling point (correct)

High viscosity

Low density

Lack of attraction between molecules

What term describes the phenomenon where water molecules are attracted to one another due to their polarity?

Adhesion

Diffusion

Hydrophobic interactions

Cohesion (correct)

Which characteristic of hydrogen bonds is true?

They are weak and transitory. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement regarding the partial charges in a water molecule is accurate?

The hydrogen atoms are partially positive. Signup and view all the answers

What term describes molecules that are attracted to water?

Hydrophilic Signup and view all the answers

What happens to hydrophobic molecules in water?

They aggregate or assume specific shapes. Signup and view all the answers

In pure water, what is the relationship between hydrogen and hydroxide ions?

They are equal in concentration. Signup and view all the answers

What role does water play in relation to polar molecules and ions?

It dissolves them. Signup and view all the answers

What is the dissociation reaction of water?

H-O-H → H^{+} + OH^{-} Signup and view all the answers

What is cohesion in relation to water molecules?

Water molecules stick to other water molecules. Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of water's high specific heat?

It requires a large amount of energy to change its temperature. Signup and view all the answers

How does water exhibit adhesion?

Water molecules bond with other polar molecules. Signup and view all the answers

Why is solid water less dense than liquid water?

The molecular structure causes water to expand when frozen. Signup and view all the answers

What does it mean when we say that bodies of water freeze from the top down?

The top layer freezes first, insulating the water below. Signup and view all the answers

Which pH value is typically associated with pure water?

7 Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of an acid in aqueous solution?

A substance that releases H⁺ in water Signup and view all the answers

What effect do buffers have on pH when an acid is added?

They keep the pH relatively constant. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a base?

Sodium hydroxide Signup and view all the answers

In a basic solution, the concentration of H⁺ compared to OH⁻ is characterized by which relationship?

[H⁺] < [OH⁻] Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following pH values represents a basic solution?

8 Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following compounds dissociates to produce H⁺ ions in solution?

Hydrochloric acid (HCl) Signup and view all the answers

What happens to proteins when the pH is too high or too low?

They become denatured. Signup and view all the answers

Which example is associated with an acidic solution?

Stomach acid Signup and view all the answers

What type of solution would lemon juice be classified as?

Acidic solution Signup and view all the answers

What can happen if there is too much or too little H+ in a biological system?

Denaturation of proteins Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal blood pH range that must be maintained in organisms?

7.35 - 7.45 Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of bicarbonate ion in the buffering system?

It maintains the pH by neutralizing acids Signup and view all the answers

Which reaction correctly represents the carbonic acid-bicarbonate buffering system?

H₂O + CO₂ ⇌ H₂CO₃ ⇌ HCO₃⁻ + H⁺ Signup and view all the answers

What might result from the pH levels falling outside the range of 7.35 - 7.45?

Altered protein function Signup and view all the answers