Podcast
Questions and Answers
Water is made up of _______ atom of oxygen and _______ atoms of __________.
Water is made up of _______ atom of oxygen and _______ atoms of __________.
one; two; hydrogen
Water molecules are _______ which gives the end bearing the oxygen atom a slightly __________ charge and the hydrogen atoms are slightly ______ in charge.
Water molecules are _______ which gives the end bearing the oxygen atom a slightly __________ charge and the hydrogen atoms are slightly ______ in charge.
polar covalent; negative; positive
_________ bonds form between water molecules.
_________ bonds form between water molecules.
Hydrogen
Each water molecule can form a maximum of ______ hydrogen bonds at a time.
Each water molecule can form a maximum of ______ hydrogen bonds at a time.
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______________________ is the linking of like molecules. Think of this property as a 'water strider' walking on top of a pond due to _______________ tension created by hydrogen bonding between water molecules.
______________________ is the linking of like molecules. Think of this property as a 'water strider' walking on top of a pond due to _______________ tension created by hydrogen bonding between water molecules.
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__________________ is the clinging of one substance to another. Think of water adhering to another substance like the sides of a glass or a windshield.
__________________ is the clinging of one substance to another. Think of water adhering to another substance like the sides of a glass or a windshield.
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______________ is the movement of water molecules up a very thin tube called stomata and their evaporation from the stomates in plants. The water molecules cling to each other by ____________ and the walls of the xylem by _________.
______________ is the movement of water molecules up a very thin tube called stomata and their evaporation from the stomates in plants. The water molecules cling to each other by ____________ and the walls of the xylem by _________.
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Moderation of ___________ is possible because of water's high specific heat.
Moderation of ___________ is possible because of water's high specific heat.
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Specific heat is the amount of heat required to ________ or lower the temperature of a substance _________ degrees Celsius. Relative to most other materials, the temperature of water changes less when a given amount of heat is lost or __________. The high specific heat of water makes the Earth's oceans relatively _______ and able to support ______ quantities of life.
Specific heat is the amount of heat required to ________ or lower the temperature of a substance _________ degrees Celsius. Relative to most other materials, the temperature of water changes less when a given amount of heat is lost or __________. The high specific heat of water makes the Earth's oceans relatively _______ and able to support ______ quantities of life.
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______________ of bodies of water by floating ice.
______________ of bodies of water by floating ice.
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Water is less _________ as a solid than a liquid which is opposite of most other substances. Since ice is less _____ it will float. This keeps large bodies of water from ________ and moderates the ______.
Water is less _________ as a solid than a liquid which is opposite of most other substances. Since ice is less _____ it will float. This keeps large bodies of water from ________ and moderates the ______.
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Water is an important _________________. (A substance something dissolves in).
Water is an important _________________. (A substance something dissolves in).
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_________________ substances are water-soluble. These include IONIC compounds, _____________ molecules like sugar and some proteins.
_________________ substances are water-soluble. These include IONIC compounds, _____________ molecules like sugar and some proteins.
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_______ substances like oils are nonpolar and will not _____ in water.
_______ substances like oils are nonpolar and will not _____ in water.
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The pH scale runs between _______ and ______ and measures relative _______ and ______ of aqueous solutions.
The pH scale runs between _______ and ______ and measures relative _______ and ______ of aqueous solutions.
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Acids have an excess of ______ ions and a pH below ______.
Acids have an excess of ______ ions and a pH below ______.
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_________ have an excess of ________ ions and a pH above ________.
_________ have an excess of ________ ions and a pH above ________.
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Pure water is ______ which means has a pH of ______.
Pure water is ______ which means has a pH of ______.
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Buffers are substances that minimize changes in the _______. They accept ______ from solutions when they are in excess and donate _____ when they are depleted.
Buffers are substances that minimize changes in the _______. They accept ______ from solutions when they are in excess and donate _____ when they are depleted.
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Carbonic acid (_________) is an important buffer in living systems. It moderates pH changes in _______ plasma and the ______.
Carbonic acid (_________) is an important buffer in living systems. It moderates pH changes in _______ plasma and the ______.
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Study Notes
Structure and Properties of Water
- Water consists of one oxygen atom and two hydrogen atoms.
- The molecule is polar covalent, with a slightly negative charge on the oxygen and a slightly positive charge on the hydrogens.
Hydrogen Bonds
- Hydrogen bonds form between water molecules.
- Each water molecule can create a maximum of two hydrogen bonds.
Unique Properties of Water
- Cohesion: The linking of like molecules allows phenomena such as surface tension, enabling insects like the water strider to walk on water.
- Adhesion: The attraction of water molecules to different substances, illustrated by water’s ability to stick to glass or a windshield.
- Transpiration: The process where water moves through plants, aided by cohesion among water molecules and adhesion to xylem walls.
Temperature Regulation
- High specific heat of water enables moderation of temperature changes, which supports stable ecosystems.
- Specific heat refers to the amount of heat necessary to change a substance's temperature by one degree Celsius; water's temperature fluctuates less than many other materials.
Ice Density and Insulation
- Water is less dense as a solid (ice) than as a liquid, causing ice to float and providing insulation for aquatic environments, ensuring they do not freeze solid.
Solvent Properties
- Water is a crucial solvent, dissolving various substances.
- Hydrophilic substances, including ionic compounds and non-ionic polar molecules like sugar, easily dissolve in water.
- Hydrophobic substances, such as oils, are nonpolar and do not dissolve in water.
pH Scale
- Measures acidity or alkalinity within a range of 0 to 14.
- Acids increase hydronium ions with a pH below 7.
- Bases increase hydroxide ions with a pH above 7.
- Pure water is neutral, having a pH of 7.
Buffer Systems
- Buffers minimize pH changes by accepting excess H+ ions and donating H+ when depletions occur.
- Carbonic acid (H2CO3) serves as a significant buffer in biological systems, regulating pH in blood and ocean water.
Studying That Suits You
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Description
Explore the unique properties of water through this engaging flashcard quiz. Each card helps reinforce key concepts surrounding water's molecular structure and its polar nature. Test your understanding and retention of water’s vital role in science.
