Questions and Answers
List 5 properties of water.
It is cohesive and adhesive, has a high specific heat, has a high heat of vaporization, is less dense as a solid than a liquid, and is a good solvent.
What percentage of the body is made of water?
70%
How much of the body is water molecules?
2/3
What fills your body's cells?
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Where do most cellular events take place?
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What surrounds a body's cells?
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What does water transport throughout the body?
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What is the polarity of water?
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What happens to electrons when two hydrogen atoms combine with an oxygen atom?
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What do unequal electrons surrounding hydrogen and water atoms create?
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How do polar molecules act like magnets?
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How are hydrogen bonds formed in water?
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What is cohesion?
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What is the cohesion of water?
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Why does ice float on water?
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In the test tube activity with water and an index card, what caused the water to stay in the test tube?
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How does cohesion support life on Earth?
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What is surface tension?
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What gives water a high surface tension?
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What are the results of surface tension on water?
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What is adhesion?
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What is adhesion of water?
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What is capillary action?
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What causes capillary action?
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What is the combined result of adhesion, cohesion, and surface tension?
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What is pH?
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What is an acid?
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What is a strong acid?
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What is a weak acid?
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What is a use for acids?
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How do acids taste?
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How do acids feel?
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What color do pH paper turn when exposed to acids?
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What is the optimal pH range for most life?
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Study Notes
Properties of Water
- Water is cohesive and adhesive, allowing it to stick to itself and other substances.
- High specific heat enables water to absorb significant heat without drastic temperature changes.
- High heat of vaporization allows water to exist in liquid form across a range of temperatures.
- Ice is less dense than liquid water, which causes it to float.
- Water acts as a good solvent, dissolving many substances crucial for biological processes.
Body Water Composition
- Approximately 70% of the human body is composed of water.
- Water molecules constitute about two-thirds of body composition.
- Body cells are primarily filled with water, facilitating cellular functions.
- Water surrounds all cells, playing a pivotal role in physiology.
Importance of Water in Biological Processes
- Water transports essential nutrients and materials throughout the body.
- Most cellular events occur in aqueous environments, highlighting water's significance.
Polarity and Molecular Interaction
- Water is a polar molecule, exhibiting opposite charges on its ends, leading to hydrogen bond formation.
- Electrons are unequally shared between hydrogen and oxygen atoms during water formation.
- This polarity results in polar molecules with distinct positive and negative regions, behaving like magnets due to opposite charge attraction.
Hydrogen Bonding
- Hydrogen bonds occur due to oxygen's stronger attraction to electrons, creating slightly charged regions in water.
- This bonding leads to water's cohesive nature, linking molecules and enhancing structure compared to other liquids.
Cohesion and Adhesion
- Cohesion refers to water molecules staying close due to hydrogen bonding, crucial for upward water transport in plants.
- Adhesion allows water to stick to polar surfaces and exposed nitrogens or oxygens.
Surface Tension
- Water possesses high surface tension, making it resistant to stretching or breaking due to cohesive forces between surface molecules.
- This property enables it to support small objects and organisms, such as insects walking on water.
Capillary Action
- Capillary action, driven by adhesion, allows water to move upward through narrow tubes against gravity, essential for plant water transport.
pH and Acids
- pH measures hydrogen ion concentration, impacting biological processes, including photosynthesis.
- Acids increase hydrogen ion concentration, with a pH range of 0 to 6.9.
- Strong acids have a pH of 1 to 3, while weak acids range from pH 4 to 6.
- Acids are utilized as food preservatives, taste sour, and typically cause a stinging sensation upon contact.
- pH indicators turn orange/red in acidic conditions, with an optimal neutral pH range for life being 6.5 to 8.2.
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Test your knowledge of the essential properties of water with these flashcards. Explore the physical characteristics and the vital role water plays in the human body. Perfect for students or anyone looking to understand this crucial substance!
