Properties of Water Flashcards
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Questions and Answers

List 5 properties of water.

It is cohesive and adhesive, has a high specific heat, has a high heat of vaporization, is less dense as a solid than a liquid, and is a good solvent.

What percentage of the body is made of water?

70%

How much of the body is water molecules?

2/3

What fills your body's cells?

<p>water</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where do most cellular events take place?

<p>In water</p> Signup and view all the answers

What surrounds a body's cells?

<p>water</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does water transport throughout the body?

<p>Nutrients and other things the body needs</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the polarity of water?

<p>Water is a polar molecule meaning it has opposite charges on opposite ends.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to electrons when two hydrogen atoms combine with an oxygen atom?

<p>Electrons are not equally shared.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do unequal electrons surrounding hydrogen and water atoms create?

<p>Positive and negative areas called polar molecules.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do polar molecules act like magnets?

<p>Opposite charges attract.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are hydrogen bonds formed in water?

<p>Oxygen hogs the electrons making it slightly negative, while hydrogen is slightly positive, resulting in attraction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is cohesion?

<p>Water molecules stay close to each other as a result of hydrogen bonding.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the cohesion of water?

<p>Attraction between molecules of the same substance due to hydrogen bonding.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why does ice float on water?

<p>Because of cohesion, the space below the hydrogen bonds in water molecules increases when frozen.</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the test tube activity with water and an index card, what caused the water to stay in the test tube?

<p>Cohesion causes the water molecules to stick together with such force that they defy gravity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does cohesion support life on Earth?

<p>Cohesion creates a layer of insulation below ice which protects organisms below it.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is surface tension?

<p>A measure of how difficult it is to stretch or break the surface of a liquid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What gives water a high surface tension?

<p>Cohesion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the results of surface tension on water?

<p>The surface of water holds up heavier materials than itself.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is adhesion?

<p>The linking together of like molecules, often by hydrogen bonds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is adhesion of water?

<p>Water sticks to any surface that is polar or has exposed nitrogens or oxygens.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is capillary action?

<p>A process powered by adhesion that causes water molecules to move upward through narrow tubes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What causes capillary action?

<p>Capillary action is caused by adhesion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the combined result of adhesion, cohesion, and surface tension?

<p>Allows plants to transport water from their roots up through small tubes (stems) to their leaves.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is pH?

<p>The pH of a solution is defined by the hydrogen ion concentration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an acid?

<p>A substance that increases the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a strong acid?

<p>pH of 1 - 3 hydrogen concentration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a weak acid?

<p>pH of 4 - 6 hydrogen concentration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a use for acids?

<p>As a preservative in foods.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do acids taste?

<p>Sour.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do acids feel?

<p>Stings.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What color do pH paper turn when exposed to acids?

<p>orange/red.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the optimal pH range for most life?

<p>6.5 - 8.2.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Properties of Water

  • Water is cohesive and adhesive, allowing it to stick to itself and other substances.
  • High specific heat enables water to absorb significant heat without drastic temperature changes.
  • High heat of vaporization allows water to exist in liquid form across a range of temperatures.
  • Ice is less dense than liquid water, which causes it to float.
  • Water acts as a good solvent, dissolving many substances crucial for biological processes.

Body Water Composition

  • Approximately 70% of the human body is composed of water.
  • Water molecules constitute about two-thirds of body composition.
  • Body cells are primarily filled with water, facilitating cellular functions.
  • Water surrounds all cells, playing a pivotal role in physiology.

Importance of Water in Biological Processes

  • Water transports essential nutrients and materials throughout the body.
  • Most cellular events occur in aqueous environments, highlighting water's significance.

Polarity and Molecular Interaction

  • Water is a polar molecule, exhibiting opposite charges on its ends, leading to hydrogen bond formation.
  • Electrons are unequally shared between hydrogen and oxygen atoms during water formation.
  • This polarity results in polar molecules with distinct positive and negative regions, behaving like magnets due to opposite charge attraction.

Hydrogen Bonding

  • Hydrogen bonds occur due to oxygen's stronger attraction to electrons, creating slightly charged regions in water.
  • This bonding leads to water's cohesive nature, linking molecules and enhancing structure compared to other liquids.

Cohesion and Adhesion

  • Cohesion refers to water molecules staying close due to hydrogen bonding, crucial for upward water transport in plants.
  • Adhesion allows water to stick to polar surfaces and exposed nitrogens or oxygens.

Surface Tension

  • Water possesses high surface tension, making it resistant to stretching or breaking due to cohesive forces between surface molecules.
  • This property enables it to support small objects and organisms, such as insects walking on water.

Capillary Action

  • Capillary action, driven by adhesion, allows water to move upward through narrow tubes against gravity, essential for plant water transport.

pH and Acids

  • pH measures hydrogen ion concentration, impacting biological processes, including photosynthesis.
  • Acids increase hydrogen ion concentration, with a pH range of 0 to 6.9.
  • Strong acids have a pH of 1 to 3, while weak acids range from pH 4 to 6.
  • Acids are utilized as food preservatives, taste sour, and typically cause a stinging sensation upon contact.
  • pH indicators turn orange/red in acidic conditions, with an optimal neutral pH range for life being 6.5 to 8.2.

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Test your knowledge of the essential properties of water with these flashcards. Explore the physical characteristics and the vital role water plays in the human body. Perfect for students or anyone looking to understand this crucial substance!

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