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Questions and Answers
What is the definition of a physical property in chemistry?
What is an example of a qualitative physical property?
Who is credited with the development of the Atomic Ball model?
What is the law of conservation of mass?
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What is an example of a chemical property?
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What is the definition of a chemical property in chemistry?
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What is the main difference between JJ Thompson's Raisin Bun model and ERutherford's Beehive model?
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Which of the following is a characteristic of Group 1 elements, also known as Alkali metals?
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According to Niels Bohr's Planetary model, what is the arrangement of electrons in an atom?
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What is the function of neutrons in an atom?
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Which of the following groups of elements are known for being extremely poisonous?
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What is the relationship between the number of electron orbits and the period number in a Bohr-Rutherford diagram?
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What is the charge of electrons in an atom?
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What is the purpose of the Bohr-Rutherford diagram?
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Study Notes
Properties of Matter
- Physical properties: describe the appearance of a material
- Chemical properties: describe how a substance changes when exposed to another substance
- 7 physical properties:
- State: solid, liquid, gas
- Melting Point: the point where the state melts
- Conductivity: electricity
- Density: the measure of number of particles per unit volume
- Lustre: shiny
- Solubility: dissolving
- Texture: rough
Types of Physical Properties
- Qualitative: describes using your senses (e.g. feeling, solubility)
- Quantitative: has a value associated with it (e.g. melting point, density)
Chemical Properties
- Reactivity
- Combustibility
- Decomposition
- Color change
- Precipitation
- Gas production
- Changes in temperature
- Changes in property
Scientists and Atomic Models
J.Dalton - Billiard Ball Model
- Atoms are tiny indestructible particles that cannot be broken down
- Atoms combine with other atoms to form molecules
- Atoms of an element are identical
- Atoms do not lose their identity in chemical reactions
- Molecules of a compound are identical
- The law of conservation of mass: the total mass of the reactants = the total mass of the products
- The law of constant composition: a compound always contains the same elements in the same proportions by mass
JJ Thompson - Raisin Bun Model
- Atoms contain electrons
- Since atoms are neutral, the rest of the atom is positive
- Electrons are evenly distributed throughout the atom
- Electrons embedded within a positive sphere, with a net charge of 0 (neutral)
E.Rutherford - Beehive Model
- Atoms are mostly empty space with a tiny central nucleus which contains almost all of the total mass of the atom and is positively charged
- The nucleus is surrounded mostly by empty space, containing rapidly moving negative charges called electrons
- Small positive nucleus surrounded by electrons, showing the empty space
N.Bohr - Planetary Model
- Electrons move around the nucleus in an orbit arranged in shells
- Electrons are quantized in energy levels, explaining the periodic law
Classifying Elements
Groups on the Periodic Table
- Columns on the periodic table are called groups
- Rows are called periods
Group 1: Alkali Metals
- Physical properties:
- High heat and electrical conductivity
- Lustrous
- Malleable
- Ductile (pulled into a wire)
- Chemical properties:
- Very reactive as they have only one electron to give away in forming bonds
Group 2: Alkaline Earth Metals
- Physical properties:
- Lustrous
- High density
- Good conductors for heat and electricity
- Chemical properties:
- Also reactive as they only have 2 electrons to give away
Group 17: Halogens
- Physical properties:
- Low melting and boiling points
- Gases at room temperature
- Chemical properties:
- Extremely poisonous (e.g. Chlorine, poisons, bacteria)
Group 18: Noble Gases
- Not reactive
- Do not form compounds because they have full valence orbits
Structure of an Atom
- Protons:
- Found in the nucleus
- Positive charge
- Mass = 1
- Neutrons:
- Found in the nucleus
- Neutral charge
- Mass = 1
- Electrons:
- Orbit around the nucleus
- Negative charge
- Mass = 1/2000
- Number of electrons = number of protons
- Neutrons = atomic mass - protons
Bohr Rutherford Diagrams
- Patterns:
- The number of electron orbits equals the period number (row)
- The number of electrons in the outermost orbit is equal to the last number of the group
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Description
This quiz covers the physical and chemical properties of matter, including states, melting points, conductivity, and density. Learn about the characteristics of matter and how they change.
