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Questions and Answers
What is the definition of a physical property in chemistry?
What is the definition of a physical property in chemistry?
What is an example of a qualitative physical property?
What is an example of a qualitative physical property?
Who is credited with the development of the Atomic Ball model?
Who is credited with the development of the Atomic Ball model?
What is the law of conservation of mass?
What is the law of conservation of mass?
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What is an example of a chemical property?
What is an example of a chemical property?
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What is the definition of a chemical property in chemistry?
What is the definition of a chemical property in chemistry?
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What is the main difference between JJ Thompson's Raisin Bun model and ERutherford's Beehive model?
What is the main difference between JJ Thompson's Raisin Bun model and ERutherford's Beehive model?
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Which of the following is a characteristic of Group 1 elements, also known as Alkali metals?
Which of the following is a characteristic of Group 1 elements, also known as Alkali metals?
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According to Niels Bohr's Planetary model, what is the arrangement of electrons in an atom?
According to Niels Bohr's Planetary model, what is the arrangement of electrons in an atom?
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What is the function of neutrons in an atom?
What is the function of neutrons in an atom?
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Which of the following groups of elements are known for being extremely poisonous?
Which of the following groups of elements are known for being extremely poisonous?
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What is the relationship between the number of electron orbits and the period number in a Bohr-Rutherford diagram?
What is the relationship between the number of electron orbits and the period number in a Bohr-Rutherford diagram?
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What is the charge of electrons in an atom?
What is the charge of electrons in an atom?
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What is the purpose of the Bohr-Rutherford diagram?
What is the purpose of the Bohr-Rutherford diagram?
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Study Notes
Properties of Matter
- Physical properties: describe the appearance of a material
- Chemical properties: describe how a substance changes when exposed to another substance
- 7 physical properties:
- State: solid, liquid, gas
- Melting Point: the point where the state melts
- Conductivity: electricity
- Density: the measure of number of particles per unit volume
- Lustre: shiny
- Solubility: dissolving
- Texture: rough
Types of Physical Properties
- Qualitative: describes using your senses (e.g. feeling, solubility)
- Quantitative: has a value associated with it (e.g. melting point, density)
Chemical Properties
- Reactivity
- Combustibility
- Decomposition
- Color change
- Precipitation
- Gas production
- Changes in temperature
- Changes in property
Scientists and Atomic Models
J.Dalton - Billiard Ball Model
- Atoms are tiny indestructible particles that cannot be broken down
- Atoms combine with other atoms to form molecules
- Atoms of an element are identical
- Atoms do not lose their identity in chemical reactions
- Molecules of a compound are identical
- The law of conservation of mass: the total mass of the reactants = the total mass of the products
- The law of constant composition: a compound always contains the same elements in the same proportions by mass
JJ Thompson - Raisin Bun Model
- Atoms contain electrons
- Since atoms are neutral, the rest of the atom is positive
- Electrons are evenly distributed throughout the atom
- Electrons embedded within a positive sphere, with a net charge of 0 (neutral)
E.Rutherford - Beehive Model
- Atoms are mostly empty space with a tiny central nucleus which contains almost all of the total mass of the atom and is positively charged
- The nucleus is surrounded mostly by empty space, containing rapidly moving negative charges called electrons
- Small positive nucleus surrounded by electrons, showing the empty space
N.Bohr - Planetary Model
- Electrons move around the nucleus in an orbit arranged in shells
- Electrons are quantized in energy levels, explaining the periodic law
Classifying Elements
Groups on the Periodic Table
- Columns on the periodic table are called groups
- Rows are called periods
Group 1: Alkali Metals
- Physical properties:
- High heat and electrical conductivity
- Lustrous
- Malleable
- Ductile (pulled into a wire)
- Chemical properties:
- Very reactive as they have only one electron to give away in forming bonds
Group 2: Alkaline Earth Metals
- Physical properties:
- Lustrous
- High density
- Good conductors for heat and electricity
- Chemical properties:
- Also reactive as they only have 2 electrons to give away
Group 17: Halogens
- Physical properties:
- Low melting and boiling points
- Gases at room temperature
- Chemical properties:
- Extremely poisonous (e.g. Chlorine, poisons, bacteria)
Group 18: Noble Gases
- Not reactive
- Do not form compounds because they have full valence orbits
Structure of an Atom
- Protons:
- Found in the nucleus
- Positive charge
- Mass = 1
- Neutrons:
- Found in the nucleus
- Neutral charge
- Mass = 1
- Electrons:
- Orbit around the nucleus
- Negative charge
- Mass = 1/2000
- Number of electrons = number of protons
- Neutrons = atomic mass - protons
Bohr Rutherford Diagrams
- Patterns:
- The number of electron orbits equals the period number (row)
- The number of electrons in the outermost orbit is equal to the last number of the group
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Description
This quiz covers the physical and chemical properties of matter, including states, melting points, conductivity, and density. Learn about the characteristics of matter and how they change.
