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Questions and Answers
What is the heat of vaporization of water at 100°C?
What is the heat of vaporization of water at 100°C?
- 2.03 J/g°C
- 2260 J/g (correct)
- 4.18 J/g°C
- 333 J/g
What is the specific heat capacity of steam (water vapor)?
What is the specific heat capacity of steam (water vapor)?
- 4.18 J/g°C
- 2.03 J/g°C
- 1.99 J/g°C (correct)
- 2260 J/g
What is the energy released when 1 gram of a gas condenses to a liquid at its boiling point?
What is the energy released when 1 gram of a gas condenses to a liquid at its boiling point?
- Heat of vaporization
- Heat of fusion
- Heat of condensation (correct)
- Latent heat
What is the term for liquids that are completely soluble in each other?
What is the term for liquids that are completely soluble in each other?
What is the specific heat capacity of ice (solid water)?
What is the specific heat capacity of ice (solid water)?
What determines whether a solute is soluble in a solvent?
What determines whether a solute is soluble in a solvent?
What is the term for substances that do not dissolve in another substance?
What is the term for substances that do not dissolve in another substance?
What is the heat required to change 1 gram of liquid to gas at its boiling point?
What is the heat required to change 1 gram of liquid to gas at its boiling point?
What happens to the particles of a solid at its melting point?
What happens to the particles of a solid at its melting point?
What is the term for a solid's ability to be hammered into a sheet without breaking?
What is the term for a solid's ability to be hammered into a sheet without breaking?
What is the term for a solid's ability to be stretched to form a wire?
What is the term for a solid's ability to be stretched to form a wire?
What is the term for the extent to which a solid dissolves in a particular solvent?
What is the term for the extent to which a solid dissolves in a particular solvent?
What is special about water's heat of vaporization?
What is special about water's heat of vaporization?
What is the relationship between the melting point of a solid and the freezing point of a liquid?
What is the relationship between the melting point of a solid and the freezing point of a liquid?
What is the primary factor that influences the boiling point of a liquid?
What is the primary factor that influences the boiling point of a liquid?
What is the term for the energy required to change a liquid into a gas at its boiling point?
What is the term for the energy required to change a liquid into a gas at its boiling point?
What occurs when the energy of the particle's movement exceeds the intermolecular force that holds them together?
What occurs when the energy of the particle's movement exceeds the intermolecular force that holds them together?
What is the process by which a liquid changes into a gas at its surface?
What is the process by which a liquid changes into a gas at its surface?
What is the term for the temperature at which a solid changes into a liquid?
What is the term for the temperature at which a solid changes into a liquid?
Why is water a liquid at room temperature?
Why is water a liquid at room temperature?
What is the term for the formation of water droplets on the outside of a cold surface?
What is the term for the formation of water droplets on the outside of a cold surface?
What is the unique property of water in which its solid form has a lower density than its liquid form?
What is the unique property of water in which its solid form has a lower density than its liquid form?
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Study Notes
Properties of Water
- Water has a high boiling point due to strong intermolecular forces.
- Water has high surface tension.
- The density of solid water (ice) is less than that of liquid water.
Boiling Point
- Boiling point is influenced by the strength of intermolecular forces (IMF).
- Increasing the temperature of a liquid raises the kinetic energy of its molecules until it exceeds the IMF that holds them together.
Evaporation and Condensation
- Evaporation is a type of vaporization that occurs on the surface of a liquid as it changes into a gas.
- Condensation occurs when warm air hits a cold surface, reaching its dew point and condensing.
- Condensation can produce water droplets on the outside of cold surfaces.
Heat Transfer and Energy
- ΔHV (Heat of Vaporization) is the energy absorbed to change 1 gram of liquid to gas at its boiling point.
- Heat of Condensation is the heat released when 1 gram of a gas condenses to a liquid at its boiling point.
- Specific heat of ice (solid water) = 2.03 J/ g°C.
- Specific heat of water (liquid) = 4.18 J/ g°C.
- Specific heat of steam (water vapor) = 1.99 J/ g°C.
- Heat of fusion of water (0°C) = 333 J/ g.
- Heat of vaporization of water (100°C) = 2260 J/ g.
Properties of Solutions
- A solution is a homogeneous mixture with a uniform appearance.
- It consists of a solute (substance being dissolved) and a solvent (substance that dissolves the solute).
- Solutions may have one or more solutes dissolved in a given solvent.
- Soluble substances dissolve in another substance, while insoluble substances do not.
- Miscible liquids are completely soluble in each other, while immiscible liquids do not mix.
Melting Point and Solubility
- The melting point of a solid is the same as the freezing point of the liquid.
- At its melting point, the disruptive vibrations of the particles of the solid overcome the attractive forces operating within the solid.
- Solubility refers to the extent to which a solid dissolves in a particular solvent.
- Solids can be dissolved into a variety of types of solvents.
Other Properties of Solids
- Malleability describes the ability to hammer a solid into a sheet without breaking it.
- Ductility refers to whether a solid can be stretched to form a wire.
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