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Questions and Answers
What type of reflection occurs when light strikes a rough surface?
What defines a translucent object?
Which part of the camera is responsible for blocking unwanted light?
What is the primary function of a camera's lens?
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What is the purpose of the shutter in a camera?
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What does the process of refraction involve?
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Which of the following best describes absorption of light?
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What is a box camera primarily used for?
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What is the primary function of the diaphragm or aperture in a camera?
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The use of a panoramic camera is primarily associated with which type of photography?
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What does the shutter speed dial control in a camera?
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What is the purpose of the viewfinder on a camera?
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Which type of camera is specifically designed for underwater photography?
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Which camera type is characterized by a separate viewfinder from the lens?
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What is the function of the shutter release button on a camera?
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How does the focusing ring contribute to photography?
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Which type of focusing involves a split image that aligns when properly focused?
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What is the primary purpose of focusing in photography?
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How does the Ground Glass focusing mechanism indicate if an object is out of focus?
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What should a photographer do if the end of a film is reached?
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Which control is essential for producing sharp images when photographing?
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What does the Scale Bed or Focusing Scale mechanism measure?
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What is the first step in the film loading process?
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What happens when the camera lens is properly focused on an object?
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What is the primary benefit of using slow shutter speeds with a tripod?
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When is it particularly important to use fast shutter speeds?
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Which type of shutter is primarily positioned in front of the focal plane of the camera?
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What mechanism do focal-plane shutters typically use to shield the film from light?
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What factor does NOT influence the selection of shutter speed?
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What is a leaf shutter primarily composed of?
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The diaphragm shutter is best characterized by which feature?
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Which situation would likely benefit from using a slower shutter speed?
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What is the primary purpose of the preliminary scene survey?
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Which of the following is NOT a function of the forensic photography division of the PNP Crime Laboratory?
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Who is primarily responsible for securing the crime scene if the SOCO Team needs to temporarily suspend processing?
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What type of evidence is specifically noted during the preliminary scene survey due to its transient nature?
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How should the SOCO Team respond to a request for their services?
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What is one of the roles of the forensic photography division in relation to mug shots?
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Which of the following tasks is NOT performed by the SOCO Team?
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Which method is employed by the forensic photography division to ensure evidence is preserved?
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Study Notes
Properties of Light
- Translucent objects allow light to pass, but diffuse it enough that objects on the other side cannot be seen clearly.
- Opaque objects diffuse light so much that it is difficult or impossible to see objects on the other side.
- Reflection is the deflection or bouncing back of light when it hits a surface.
- Regular reflection happens when light hits a flat, smooth and shiny surface.
- Irregular reflection occurs when light hits a rough or uneven, but glossy object.
- Refraction is the bending of light when passing from one medium to another.
- Diffraction is the bending of light when it hits a sharp edge of an opaque object.
- Absorption is the nature of light to be absorbed in the process of encountering dark surfaces.
- Transmission is the passage of light through an object.
Camera and its Accessories
- A camera is a light-tight box with a light-gathering device and a mechanism for blocking unwanted light from reaching the sensitized material.
- A camera contains four basic parts: a light-tight box, lens, shutter, and holder of the sensitized material.
Essential Parts of a Camera
- Light Tight Box: Keeps light out and serves as a frame to hold other parts.
- Lens: Collects or focuses reflected light from an object to form an image on the film.
- Shutter: Controls the time during which light reaches the film.
- Holder of the Sensitized Material: Holds the film firmly to prevent multiple or blurred images.
- Viewfinder: Determines the field of view of the camera or the coverage of the lens.
Different Types of Camera
- Box Camera: Designed for casual amateur photography, often found in studios.
- Viewfinder Camera: Has a separate viewfinder from the lens used to take pictures.
- Polaroid Camera: Instant photography with no need for enlargements.
- Underwater Camera: Designed for underwater photography.
- Panoramic Camera: Used for landscaping photography encompassing a wide view.
Parts of the Camera
- Lens: A transparent glass disc that forms images.
- Focusing Ring: Moves the lens to create a sharp image of the subject.
- Diaphragm or Aperture: Regulates the intensity of light passing through the lens.
- Shutter Speed Dial: Controls the time light is allowed to strike the film.
- Shutter: Regulates the amount of light reaching the film by varying the exposure time.
- Shutter Release Button: Opens the shutter when pressed.
- Viewfinder: A viewing instrument for composition.
- Film Holder: Holds the film securely in the camera.
- Accessory Light Shoe or Hot Shoe: Holds the flash bulb for indoor photography.
- ISO/ASA/DIN Dial: Adjusts the film's sensitivity to light.
- Exposure Counter: Indicates the number of exposures made.
- Distance Scale: Shows the approximate distance from the lens to the point of focus.
Film Loading
- Open the camera back.
- Load the film by aligning the film ledger on the orange dot reference.
- Close the camera back.
Control of Cameras
- Adjusting the three controls of focusing, diaphragm/aperture, and shutter speed is necessary for producing sharp and normal images.
Focusing Control
- Adjusting the lens to form a clear image is called focusing.
- There are three types of focusing: range finder (coincidence or split image), ground glass, and scale bed or focusing scale.
When to Use Slow Shutter Speeds
- Slow shutter speeds can be used with a tripod to allow for lower light photography and creative blur effects.
When to Use Fast Shutter Speeds
- Fast shutter speeds are necessary to avoid camera shake when photographing moving subjects.
Types of Shutter
- Central Shutters: Mounted within a lens assembly to shut off the light beam.
- Focal Plane Shutter: Positioned in front of the film or sensor to shield it from light.
- Leaf Shutters: Use pivoting metal leaves to uncover the lens during exposure.
- Diaphragm Shutters: Consists of blades that briefly uncover the camera aperture for exposure.
Depth of Field vs Preliminary Scene Survey
- A walk-through of the crime scene is the first opportunity to view the area.
- During this walk-through, transient evidence, like melting snow footprints, should be protected immediately.
Functions of the Forensic Photography Division of PNP Crime Laboratory
- Document crime scenes and physical evidence through photography, videography, and sketching.
- Conduct mugshots of suspects and victims for identification.
- Photograph evidence before, during, and after examination.
- Conduct comparative examinations and photograph analysis on standards and questioned photographs.
- Create facial composites based on witness descriptions.
- Ensure preservation of photographic evidence and records.
- Present photographic evidence, records, and testimonies in court and other legally mandated agencies.
- Conduct training lectures for military/police institutions, government agencies, and public/private schools.
Scene of the Crime Operation (SOCO)
- A scientific method of investigation to preserve the crime scene, gather information, collect and examine physical evidence.
- The SOCO Team responds only upon request after the initial assessment of the crime scene by the IOC.
- The Chief of Police is responsible for securing the crime scene if the SOCO Team needs to temporarily suspend processing.
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Description
This quiz focuses on the key concepts related to the properties of light, including reflection, refraction, and diffraction. Additionally, it covers the fundamental aspects of cameras and their accessories. Test your understanding of how light interacts with different materials and the workings of photographic equipment.
