Properties of High-Temperature Lamps

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What is the typical voltage range of high-voltage lamps?

About 10-30 atm

About 2500 volt (correct)

About 0.2-5 mm

About 40 volt

What is the upper limit of usefulness for hydrogen lamps?

About 375 nm (correct)

About 200 nm

About 165 nm

About 185 nm

What is the purpose of using quartz windows in hydrogen lamps?

To increase the intensity of the lamp

To absorb below 200 nm (correct)

To absorb below 185 nm

To block UV radiation

How does the intensity of a deuterium lamp compare to a hydrogen lamp?

It is 3 to 5 times more intense Signup and view all the answers

What is a challenge with using Xenon-discharge lamps?

The spatial instability of the light produced Signup and view all the answers

What is the advantage of Xenon-discharge lamps in the near ultraviolet region?

They have a much greater intensity than hydrogen lamps Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of increasing the operating temperature above 3000K on the lamp's energy output?

It increases the energy output and shifts the wavelength of maximum intensity to shorter wavelengths. Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a heating-absorbing filter in a lamp setup?

To remove the unwanted infrared radiation Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the wavelength of maximum emission and the absolute temperature?

The wavelength of maximum emission varies inversely with the absolute temperature Signup and view all the answers

What type of spectra are emitted by electric-discharge sources at very low pressure of gases?

Line spectra Signup and view all the answers

What is the common use of hydrogen-discharge lamps?

As a source of continuous radiation in the ultraviolet region Signup and view all the answers

What is the cause of electronic, vibrational, and rotational excitation in electric-discharge sources?

The collision between electrons and gas molecules Signup and view all the answers

What makes the mercury arc a less suitable source for continuous spectral studies?

The presence of sharp lines or bands superimposed on continuous background Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of sharp-cut filters?

To absorb all radiation up to a specified wavelength Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the thin semitransparent film of metal in interference filters?

To exhibit destructive interference Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the bandwidth of filters and the transmitted radiation?

The bandwidth of filters decreases as the transmitted radiation increases Signup and view all the answers

What is the range of wavelengths emitted by the mercury arc?

127 to 405 nm Signup and view all the answers

What is the material used in the inner layer of interference filters?

Quartz or calcium fluoride Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the entrance and exit slits in a monochromator?

To restrict unwanted radiation and control spectral purity Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason why shorter wavelengths are refracted more than longer wavelengths in a prism?

The index of refraction of the prism material depends on the wavelength Signup and view all the answers

Which type of dispersing element is nonlinear in its dispersion?

Prism Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary advantage of using quartz or fused silica in the UV region?

It is more transparent to UV radiation Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of rotating the prism in a monochromator?

To make different wavelengths of the spectrum pass through the exit slit Signup and view all the answers

What is the region where a prism works most effectively?

Shorter wavelengths Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason why prisms and other optics in the IR region are made from large crystals of alkali or alkaline earth halides?

Because they are transparent to IR radiation Signup and view all the answers

Which material is commonly used in instruments for the entire region from 2.5 to 15.4μ m (4000 to 650 cm-1)?

Sodium chloride (rock salt) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the grooves on a diffraction grating?

To scatter light Signup and view all the answers

Why are diffraction gratings particularly well suited for the infrared region?

Because they have equal dispersion of the long wavelengths Signup and view all the answers

What is the process of creating replica gratings from an original grating?

Coating the grating with a film of an epoxy resin Signup and view all the answers

What is a limitation of using prisms in the IR region?

They are not transparent to IR radiation Signup and view all the answers