Properties of Gases: Mass

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Why does a balloon filled with air weigh more than an empty balloon?

The air inside adds extra volume to the balloon.
The balloon expands, creating a vacuum that adds to the weight.
The air pressure inside compresses the balloon material.
The air particles inside have mass and contribute to the overall weight. (correct)

What would happen if two inflated balloons, balanced on a ruler, were simultaneously deflated?

The ruler would vibrate due to the escaping air.
The ruler would tilt towards the side with the higher air pressure.
The ruler would tilt towards the side that deflated first.
The ruler would remain balanced. (correct)

Gas particles are spread out and move freely, how do they contribute to the mass of a gas?

Their speed increases the overall volume.
Each particle possesses a certain weight, which contributes to the total mass. (correct)
Their movement generates friction, which adds to the mass.
The spacing between particles creates a gravitational field.

In an experiment with balloons and a ruler, what property of gases is demonstrated?

Gases have mass. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Why is it more difficult to notice the mass of air compared to solids or liquids?

Air is invisible and its particles are widely dispersed. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Imagine a sealed container with air inside. If more air is pumped into the container, what happens to the container's mass?

The mass increases due to the addition of more air particles. (B) Signup and view all the answers

A student claims that since air is invisible, it cannot have mass. Which argument refutes this claim?

Air is made of particles with weight, regardless of being invisible. (A) Signup and view all the answers

How does the experiment with balloons and a ruler demonstrate that gases are made of particles?

The collective mass of individual air particles has weight and affects the balance. (C) Signup and view all the answers

A balloon is inflated inside an air conditioned room and then taken outside on a hot day. After a few minutes, the balloon expands. Why does this happen?

The warm air outside made the gas inside to expand. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Consider a rigid container filled with gas. If the container is heated, what will happen to the pressure of the gas inside?

The pressure will increase because the gas molecules move faster and collide more frequently with the walls. (D) Signup and view all the answers

A sealed bag of potato chips is taken on a flight. As the plane ascends, the bag expands. Which gas law best explains this phenomenon?

Boyle's Law (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following scenarios best demonstrates Charles's Law?

Heating a balloon causes it to expand. (D) Signup and view all the answers

A container of gas has a volume of $V_1$ at a pressure of $P_1$. If the volume is reduced to $V_1/2$ while keeping the temperature constant, what is the new pressure $P_2$?

$P_2 = 2P_1$ (A) Signup and view all the answers

A gas occupies 10 liters at 27 degrees Celsius. If the temperature is increased to 227 degrees Celsius, what is the new volume, assuming constant pressure?

16.7 liters (B) Signup and view all the answers

A gas has a pressure of 2 atm at a temperature of 300 K. If the temperature is increased to 450 K, what is the new pressure, assuming constant volume?

3 atm (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements accurately describes the relationship between the volume and the number of moles of a gas at constant temperature and pressure?

As the number of moles increases, the volume increases proportionally. (D) Signup and view all the answers

A car's internal combustion engine relies heavily on gas behavior. If a mechanic wants to improve the engine's efficiency, which aspect of gas behavior should they focus on manipulating?

Optimizing the compression ratio to maximize energy output from the fuel-air mixture. (C) Signup and view all the answers

In weather forecasting, understanding gas behavior is crucial. Which of the following gas-related phenomena is most important for predicting short-term weather changes, such as the formation of thunderstorms?

The relationship between air temperature, humidity, and atmospheric pressure leading to condensation and cloud formation. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Oxygen therapy utilizes the properties of gases for medical treatment. Which of the following best describes the underlying principle that makes oxygen therapy effective?

Oxygen readily dissolves in the bloodstream at higher concentrations, increasing the amount of oxygen delivered to tissues. (D) Signup and view all the answers

When considering sustainable energy solutions, how can an understanding of gas behavior contribute to reducing waste and improving energy efficiency in industrial processes?

By optimizing combustion processes to minimize the production of harmful byproducts and maximize energy extraction. (C) Signup and view all the answers

A high-altitude weather balloon is launched to collect atmospheric data. As the balloon ascends and the atmospheric pressure decreases, what would you expect to observe about the balloon's volume, assuming the temperature remains relatively constant?

The balloon's volume will increase as the external pressure decreases, allowing the gas inside to expand. (B) Signup and view all the answers

In a hospital setting, compressed gas cylinders are used for various purposes. What is the most important safety consideration when storing and handling these cylinders?

Securing cylinders properly to prevent them from falling and causing damage or leaks. (D) Signup and view all the answers

A scientist is designing a new type of inflatable structure for use on Mars, where the atmospheric pressure is significantly lower than on Earth. What gas property should the scientist primarily consider when selecting a suitable gas for inflating the structure efficiently?

The gas's density and leak rate, to ensure the structure maintains its shape and volume over time. (A) Signup and view all the answers

A group of engineers is working on a project to capture and store carbon dioxide ($CO_2$) from industrial emissions to mitigate climate change. Which gas property is most relevant to consider when designing an efficient storage solution?

The compressibility of $CO_2$ under high pressure and its phase behavior at different temperatures. (B) Signup and view all the answers

When does water vapor typically condense into tiny droplets?

When it is cooled. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements accurately describes what happens to water vapor in extremely cold temperatures?

It first condenses into a liquid before freezing. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Why does a balloon deflate?

Air molecules escape, reducing the total mass and pressure inside the balloon. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What does the deflation of a balloon demonstrate regarding the mass of air?

Deflating the balloon removes some of the mass. (C) Signup and view all the answers

In a closed system containing air, what happens to the density of the air if the volume of the system is decreased while keeping the amount of air constant?

The density increases because the air molecules are now closer together in a smaller space. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes why warm air rises above cooler air?

Warm air is less dense than cool air. (A) Signup and view all the answers

If a container of air is heated, and the container is allowed to expand, what will happen to the density of the air inside, assuming no air escapes?

The density will decrease because the volume increases while the mass stays constant. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Consider two identical balloons, one filled with helium and one filled with air. If both balloons are released in the same environment, the helium balloon rises while the air-filled balloon falls. Which statement best explains this difference?

Helium is less dense than air, experiencing a greater buoyant force. (D) Signup and view all the answers

During the 'Developing Mastery' activity, a deflated balloon caused one side of a ruler to become lighter. What fundamental principle explains this observation?

The principle of mass conservation, where the deflated balloon lost air, thus reducing the overall mass on that side. (B) Signup and view all the answers

In the experiment, why does the inflated balloon cause the ruler to tilt downwards on its side?

The inflated balloon adds mass due to the air inside, making that side heavier and tilting the ruler. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Considering the inflated and deflated balloons, which is heavier, and what is the primary reason for this difference in weight?

The inflated balloon is heavier because the air inside adds mass to the balloon system. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Imagine the experiment is conducted inside a vacuum chamber instead of in open air. How would the results likely differ, and why?

The weight difference would be more pronounced, as there is no buoyant force from the surrounding air. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Two identical balloons are used. One is filled with helium and the other with air. How will the ruler behave, assuming both balloons are the same size and the helium balloon does not float away?

The air-filled balloon side will tilt downwards, as air has more mass than helium for the same volume. (D) Signup and view all the answers

If the inflated balloon was filled with a gas denser than air, such as carbon dioxide, how would this impact the experiment's outcome compared to using regular air?

The ruler would tilt more, as carbon dioxide would increase the mass on that side more significantly. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Suppose the experiment is modified, and additional weight is placed on the side with the deflated balloon. What would need to be done to the inflated balloon to re-establish equilibrium on the ruler?

Add an equal amount of weight to the inflated balloon side to match the added weight on the other side. (D) Signup and view all the answers

If the balloons were submerged in water instead of air, how would the observed effects on the ruler change, and why?

The weight difference would be less pronounced due to the buoyant force acting on both balloons. (A) Signup and view all the answers

A scuba diver breathes compressed air from a tank while diving deep underwater. As the diver rises toward the surface, why must they release some air from their lungs?

The pressure decreases causing the gas in their lungs to expand. (D) Signup and view all the answers

If a balloon is taken from sea level to the top of a mountain, what will happen to the balloon's volume, assuming the temperature remains constant?

The balloon's volume will increase due to decreased atmospheric pressure. (A) Signup and view all the answers

A sealed rigid container is filled with a gas. If the container is heated, which of the following properties of the gas will increase?

Pressure (C) Signup and view all the answers

A container of gas is compressed to half its original volume while maintaining a constant temperature. How does this compression affect the pressure exerted by the gas?

The pressure is doubled. (A) Signup and view all the answers

In a car engine, air is rapidly compressed inside a cylinder. What happens to the temperature of the air during this compression, assuming no heat is lost to the surroundings?

The temperature increases. (D) Signup and view all the answers

A fixed amount of gas is held in a container at a constant pressure. If the absolute temperature of the gas is doubled, what happens to its volume?

The volume is doubled. (A) Signup and view all the answers

A weather balloon is filled with helium. As the balloon rises in the atmosphere, both the pressure and temperature decrease. What is the combined effect of these changes on the balloon's volume?

The volume will increase. (C) Signup and view all the answers

A gas occupies a volume of 10 liters at standard temperature and pressure (STP). If the amount of gas is doubled, while keeping temperature and pressure constant, what is the new volume?

20 liters (C) Signup and view all the answers

Mastery Development

A process where students gradually gain understanding and skills in a subject.

Deflated Balloon

A balloon that has lost air, making it lighter than when inflated.