Properties and Uses of Asbestos Fibers

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Which of the following organic solvents is commonly used as an anti-freezing fluid?

Methyl-etyl-ketone (MEK)

Acetone

Trichloroethylene

Ethylene glycol (correct)

What is the characteristic functional group of aldehydes?

-C=O group not in terminal position

-OH terminal

-COOH terminal

-C=O terminal (correct)

Which of the following is NOT a use of organic solvents?

Dry cleaning

Production of pharmaceuticals (correct)

Degreasing of metal surfaces

Extraction in the food industry

What is the characteristic of aromatic hydrocarbons?

≥1 benzene rings Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following organic solvents can be classified as both aliphatic and halogenated?

Trichloroethylene Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following chemicals is associated with nasopharyngeal cancer?

Formaldehyde Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of action of organo-phosphoric esters?

Inhibiting the action of acetylcholinesterase Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of establishing an Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI) for pesticides?

To establish a safety threshold for lifetime exposure to pesticides Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a potential effect of exposure to toluene and styrene?

Neurosensorial ototoxicity Signup and view all the answers

What is the main challenge in controlling environmental exposure to pesticides in residential areas?

Wind dispersal of pesticides Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the Acute Reference Dose (ARfD) for pesticides?

To establish a safe exposure limit for acute exposure to pesticides Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of Amosite fibres?

Harsh and spiky Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary use of Chrysotile in building products?

Reinforcing material in asbestos cement Signup and view all the answers

When was the import of Amosite banned in the UK?

1 January 1986 Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of Crocidolite fibres?

Straight and brittle Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary application of Chrysotile in industry?

Cement industry Signup and view all the answers

When was the sprayed insulation product first manufactured in the USA?

1931 Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary indicator of initial damage due to lead exposure?

Urinary excretion of β-n-acetylglucosaminidase (NAG) Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended exposure limit for women of reproductive age?

40 μg Pb/100 mL Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary method of mercury extraction from cinnabar?

Heating (roasting) at 600-770°C in presence of air Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of chelating agents in lead therapy?

To remove lead from the body Signup and view all the answers

Who was the first to describe acute intoxication by calomel in 1557?

Jean Fernel Signup and view all the answers

Why were slaves and inmates used to work in mercury mines in ancient history?

Because of the danger of working in mercury mines Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of vasospasm in the kidneys?

Block of circulation in the peritubular capillaries Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of percutaneous exposure to mercury?

Local inflammatory reaction with purulent secretions and granuloma formation Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of organic mercury on the kidneys?

Release of inorganic mercury and toxic action as organic radicals Signup and view all the answers

What is a common symptom of mercury intoxication?

Metal taste in the mouth Signup and view all the answers

What is a rare complication of mercury intoxication?

Embolization of mercury to other organs Signup and view all the answers